MLA Salary, MP Salary and Chief Minister Salary: State Table and Pension
Salaries of MLAs, MPs and Chief Ministers explained: MP pay of Rs 1,24,000, a state-wise MLA salary table with years, and why headline comparisons mislead.
An MLA salary in India isn’t one national figure. Each state legislature fixes what its own members are paid by passing a law under Article 195, so the amount changes from state to state and so does the year it was last revised. Members of Parliament are simpler: since 1 April 2023 an MP draws Rs 1,24,000 a month in salary, while a Chief Minister’s pay is set by the state’s own law under Article 164(5).
Most comparisons put Kerala’s Rs 2,000 next to Delhi’s Rs 90,000 and conclude that Kerala pays its MLAs a small fraction of what Delhi pays. The two numbers don’t measure the same thing. Kerala’s Rs 2,000 is one allowance among six monthly heads, and Delhi’s Rs 90,000 is a total of salary and four allowances. This note puts every verified figure in one state-wise table with what it covers and the year of the law behind it, so that a comparison can actually be fair.
MLA Salary, MP Salary and CM Salary at a Glance
The Constitution doesn’t fix any legislator’s pay. It leaves the job to law: Parliament for MPs and Union ministers, and each state legislature for its MLAs, ministers and Chief Minister. The MP figures below are the ones notified in March 2025 with effect from 1 April 2023.
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| MPs’ pay in the Constitution | Article 106: salaries and allowances as Parliament determines by law |
| MLAs’ pay in the Constitution | Article 195: salaries and allowances as the state legislature determines by law |
| Ministers and Chief Ministers | Article 75(6) for Union ministers, Article 164(5) for state ministers |
| MP salary | Rs 1,24,000 a month from 1 April 2023 (earlier Rs 1,00,000) |
| MP daily allowance | Rs 2,500 for each day of a session or committee sitting |
| MP constituency and office allowances | Rs 87,000 and Rs 75,000 a month |
| MP pension | Rs 31,000 a month, plus Rs 2,500 for each year served beyond five |
| Revision formula for MPs | Every five years on the Cost Inflation Index, from 1 April 2023 |
| Prime Minister’s sumptuary allowance | Rs 3,000 a month on top of the MP salary |
Who Decides the Salary of MPs and MLAs?
Legislators decide their own pay. Article 106 lets Parliament fix the salaries and allowances of MPs by law, and Article 195 gives each state legislature the same power over its members. Ministers get the same treatment one level up, under Article 75(6) for the Union and Article 164(5) for the states. The Constitution only supplied stopgap rates until those laws were made, and every legislature has long since made them.
Parliament’s law is the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954, and the note on the Parliament of India covers the two Houses it applies to. Each state has its own Acts, such as Kerala’s Payment of Salaries and Allowances Act, 1951 or Karnataka’s Legislature Salaries, Pensions and Allowances Act, 1956. In states with a Legislative Council, such as Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, members of the Council are paid under the same legislature laws as MLAs.
The flaw in this arrangement is easy to see. PRS Legislative Research has pointed out that members voting on their own pay is a conflict of interest, and that every revision draws a public backlash, so revisions come late and in large jumps. Legislatures have tried four ways to soften the problem:
- A fixed sum in the Act, changed by amendment each time. Most states work this way, which is why their figures sit still for years and then jump.
- Pegging to civil servants’ pay. Maharashtra links MLA salary to the minimum basic pay and dearness allowance (DA) of a Principal Secretary, and Gujarat to that of a Deputy Secretary, so the figure moves with the civil service.
- Indexation. Parliament tied MPs’ salary, daily allowance and pension to the Cost Inflation Index in 2018, with a revision every five years. Himachal Pradesh’s 2025 Bills copy the idea from 1 April 2030.
- Delegation to the government. Bihar’s 2006 Act lets the state government set and revise members’ emoluments by rules.
An independent body is the option India has discussed most and used least. Delhi’s Legislative Assembly set up an independent committee in August 2015 with a former Secretary General of the Lok Sabha, a senior journalist and a Supreme Court advocate. The Bill based on its report, which would have raised basic pay from Rs 12,000 to Rs 50,000, was returned by the Lieutenant Governor in 2016, and Delhi’s MLAs moved to Rs 30,000 only in 2023. Abroad, the United Kingdom leaves MPs’ pay to an independent standards authority, New Zealand to a remuneration tribunal and France to a formula tied to senior civil servants’ pay.
MP Salary in India: Pay, Allowances and Pension
An MP’s salary is Rs 1,24,000 a month. It’s the result of the first automatic revision under the 2018 formula, notified by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs in March 2025 with effect from 1 April 2023, and it replaced the Rs 1,00,000 fixed in 2018.
The path there took three steps. The base salary was Rs 16,000 until the 2010 amendment raised it to Rs 50,000. The 2018 amendment, made through the Finance Act, 2018, doubled it to Rs 1,00,000 from 1 April 2018 and added the clause that now does the work: salary and daily allowance “shall be increased after every five years commencing from 1st April, 2023 on the basis of Cost Inflation Index”. The same clause governs pension.
What an MP Draws Each Month
The Rajya Sabha Secretariat lists the monthly entitlement in its June 2025 entitlement note, and it has four parts:
- Salary: Rs 1,24,000.
- Constituency allowance: Rs 87,000.
- Office expense allowance: Rs 75,000, of which Rs 25,000 goes to the MP for stationery and postage and Rs 50,000 is paid to the staff the MP engages for secretarial help.
- Daily allowance: Rs 2,500 for each day of a session or committee sitting, paid only when the member signs the register.
Add the three monthly heads and you get Rs 2,86,000, the number that usually makes the headlines. Only Rs 1,24,000 of it is salary. The Rs 50,000 for secretarial help never reaches the MP’s pocket, and the rest pays for running a constituency office. PRS made the same point back in 2010: reimbursements for staff and telephones get labeled as allowances and then counted as pay, while a government or private employer never counts an employee’s office staff or rent as salary.
Facilities in kind sit outside that figure:
- 34 single air journeys a year, usable alone or with a spouse or companions
- a free, non-transferable rail pass for first-class AC or executive class
- a rent-free flat in Delhi, with a license fee charged on bungalows
- medical cover under the Central Government Health Scheme
- a conveyance advance of up to Rs 4,00,000
MP pension starts at Rs 31,000 a month for any period of service, even a single short term, with Rs 2,500 a month added for every year served beyond five. A member who served ten years therefore gets Rs 31,000 plus five years at Rs 2,500, or Rs 43,500 a month. Before the 2025 notification the two figures were Rs 25,000 and Rs 2,000. State pensions don’t follow the MP scale: Nagaland’s 2024 Act pays a former MLA Rs 60,000 a month after one term, nearly twice what a former MP gets.
State-Wise MLA Salary and Chief Minister Salary
The table lists all 31 legislatures: 28 states and the three union territories that have one. Each figure comes from the state’s own Act or amendment Bill, the Assembly’s published entitlement list or PRS Legislative Research, and each row carries the year of that source. Read the “covers” column before comparing two rows. Not published means no official or PRS text giving a current figure could be confirmed for this note; it doesn’t mean the state pays nothing or hides the number. A row with an older year may have been revised since.
| State or UT | MLA pay a month | What the MLA figure covers | Chief Minister pay a month | Source and year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Assam | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Bihar | Rs 40,000 | Basic salary only | Not published | Rules under the 2006 Act; figure as of 2020 (PRS) |
| Chhattisgarh | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Goa | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Gujarat | Rs 78,800 | Basic salary, pegged to a Deputy Secretary’s minimum basic pay plus DA | Not named separately | 2018 amendment; figure as of 2020 (PRS) |
| Haryana | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Himachal Pradesh | Rs 70,000 | Salary; plus Rs 1,20,000 constituency and Rs 90,000 office allowance | Rs 1,15,000 salary | 2025 amendment Bills 8 and 9 |
| Jharkhand | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Karnataka | Rs 80,000 | Salary | Rs 1,50,000 salary, plus Rs 5,00,000 a year sumptuary allowance | 2025 amendment Bills 25 and 26 |
| Kerala | Rs 2,000 | Fixed allowance; plus Rs 25,000 constituency allowance and four more heads | Not named separately; ministers get Rs 2,000 plus DA and Rs 40,000 constituency allowance | 1951 Act as amended to 2018 |
| Madhya Pradesh | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Maharashtra | No fixed figure | Pegged to a Principal Secretary’s minimum basic pay plus DA | Not published | PRS, 2020 |
| Manipur | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Meghalaya | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Mizoram | Rs 80,000 | Salary; plus Rs 40,000 constituency allowance | Not published | 2019 amendment, from 1 April 2019 |
| Nagaland | Rs 75,000 | Salary; plus Rs 10,000 hospitality allowance and other heads | Rs 85,000 salary, plus Rs 15,000 hospitality allowance | Nagaland Act 4 of 2024, assented 15 April 2024 |
| Odisha | Rs 35,000 | Salary; plus Rs 20,000 constituency and secretarial allowance | Not published | 2017 amendment (Assembly compilation to February 2019) |
| Punjab | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Rajasthan | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Sikkim | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Tamil Nadu | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Telangana | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Tripura | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Uttar Pradesh | Rs 25,000 | Basic salary | Rs 40,000 basic | 2016 revision; figures as of 2020 (PRS) |
| Uttarakhand | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| West Bengal | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Delhi (UT) | Rs 30,000 | Salary; Rs 90,000 with four allowances | Ministers’ scale: Rs 60,000 salary, Rs 1,25,000 with allowances | Delhi Act 4 of 2023, from 14 February 2023 |
| Jammu and Kashmir (UT) | Not published | – | Not published | – |
| Puducherry (UT) | Not published | – | Not published | – |
Four rows rest on laws from 2023 or later: Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka and Nagaland. Karnataka’s 2025 Bills doubled both the Chief Minister’s salary, from Rs 75,000, and the MLA salary, from Rs 40,000. Himachal moved in smaller steps, from Rs 55,000 to Rs 70,000 for MLAs and from Rs 95,000 to Rs 1,15,000 for the Chief Minister, but its constituency and office allowances now add Rs 2,10,000 a month on top. For who holds each Chief Minister’s office today, see the list of Chief Ministers of India.
Why MLA Salary Comparisons Mislead
They mislead because headline figures measure different heads of pay at different dates. Three traps account for almost every bad comparison, and each one has a fix.
Basic Pay Versus Total Emoluments
Emoluments means everything a member receives: salary plus every allowance. Basic pay is only the first line. Kerala shows the gap most sharply. Its Act pays an MLA a fixed allowance of Rs 2,000 a month and then adds four more monthly heads:
- a constituency allowance of Rs 25,000
- a telephone allowance of Rs 11,000
- an information allowance of Rs 4,000
- a sumptuary allowance of Rs 8,000
Those five heads alone come to Rs 50,000 a month, and the Act guarantees at least Rs 20,000 a month more as traveling allowance. The Secretariat also pays Rs 20,000 a month to each of two staff. Delhi runs the other way: its Rs 30,000 salary is a third of the Rs 90,000 total. Himachal’s three heads add up to Rs 2,80,000, which is close to the Rs 2,86,000 an MP’s three monthly heads reach.
Different Revision Years
Uttar Pradesh’s Rs 25,000 basic pay dates from 2016, and Karnataka’s Rs 80,000 from 2025. Setting them side by side compares 2016 rupees with 2025 rupees. Indexed pay, as for MPs and for Himachal from 2030, closes that gap on a fixed timetable. Fixed-sum states fall behind and then catch up in a single jump, which is exactly what Karnataka’s doubling was.
Pegged Figures Move on Their Own
Gujarat’s Rs 78,800 was the basic pay in 2020, but the law ties it to a Deputy Secretary’s pay plus DA, so it changes whenever that does, without any new Act. Maharashtra has no fixed figure at all for the same reason.
The fair comparison uses the same head of pay at the same date. PRS did exactly that in 2020: MLA basic pay across states ranged from Rs 2,000 to Rs 78,800 a month, against Rs 2,25,000 for a Chief Secretary and Rs 3,50,000 for a Governor. Even the top of that range was about a third of a Chief Secretary’s basic pay, a point worth keeping next to the civil-service numbers in the IAS salary note.
The money involved is small by any budget measure. When six states cut legislators’ pay by 15% to 30% for a year from April 2020, PRS worked out the savings: Rs 17.4 crore for Uttar Pradesh, or 0.003% of its budget, and Rs 2.1 crore for Bihar. The argument over legislators’ pay is about principle and public trust, not about the state’s finances.
How Chief Minister and Minister Salaries Work
A minister is paid under a separate Ministers Act and doesn’t draw a legislator’s salary on top. At the Union level, the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952 gives every minister the same salary and constituency allowance as an MP, and section 9 bars drawing a second salary as a member. What the Act adds is a sumptuary allowance, money for the hospitality that comes with office:
- Prime Minister: Rs 3,000 a month
- Cabinet minister: Rs 2,000 a month
- Minister of State: Rs 1,000 a month
- Deputy Minister: Rs 600 a month
So the Prime Minister’s salary is the same Rs 1,24,000 as any MP’s, and the office adds Rs 3,000 a month and a rent-free furnished residence. Because the 1952 Act borrows its salary rate from section 3 of the MPs’ Act, the Cost Inflation Index revision flows through to ministers automatically.
A chief minister salary follows the same logic inside a state. Article 164(5) leaves it to the state legislature, and several state Ministers Acts name the Chief Minister separately. Karnataka’s 2025 Bill set it at Rs 1,50,000 with a sumptuary allowance of Rs 5,00,000 a year, Himachal’s at Rs 1,15,000, and Uttar Pradesh’s basic pay stood at Rs 40,000 in 2020. Kerala’s Act doesn’t separate the Chief Minister from other ministers, who get Rs 2,000 plus DA and a Rs 40,000 constituency allowance. Residence, staff and travel sit in the same Acts, which is why the salary line alone understates what the office carries.
Legislators’ Pay Today: Revisions From 2023 to 2026
The central figure is settled until the next index point, while states are revising faster and in bigger steps. The dated changes that matter:
- 14 February 2023: Delhi’s amended Act took effect, with MLA salary at Rs 30,000 and Rs 90,000 including allowances, as the Delhi Assembly’s entitlement page records.
- 2024: Himachal Pradesh barred members disqualified under the anti-defection law from drawing a legislature pension and allowed recovery of pension already paid.
- 2024: Madhya Pradesh made its Speaker, Deputy Speaker, Leader of Opposition and ministers pay their own income tax on allowances, which the state had been paying for them.
- 2024: Karnataka took posts such as advisers and political secretaries to the Chief Minister out of the office of profit net.
- 15 April 2024: Nagaland’s new salaries Act received the Governor’s assent, with MLA salary at Rs 75,000, the Chief Minister’s at Rs 85,000 and a pension of Rs 60,000 a month after a first term.
- March 2025: the Union government notified the MP revision to Rs 1,24,000 salary, Rs 2,500 daily allowance and Rs 31,000 pension, effective 1 April 2023.
- 2025: Karnataka’s amendment Bills doubled the Chief Minister’s salary to Rs 1,50,000 and the MLA salary to Rs 80,000.
- 2025: Himachal Pradesh’s amendment Bills raised MLA salary to Rs 70,000 and the Chief Minister’s to Rs 1,15,000, with Cost Inflation Index revisions from 1 April 2030.
- August 2026: Tamil Nadu’s Chief Minister announced a vehicle, a driver and an assistant for each MLA, with Rs 75,000 a month for fuel.
The next revision point in the MPs’ Act falls on 1 April 2028. The 2023 revision was notified only in March 2025, so the date in the Act is when the new rate becomes due, not when the notification arrives.
How to study MLA, MP and Chief Minister salaries for exams
The topic sits in GS Paper II under Parliament and state legislatures (structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers and privileges) and in the polity section of Prelims, which accounts for 240 of the 1,403 questions in the Prelims question bank. None of the Mains questions in the site’s archive asks about legislators’ pay directly. The nearest is Mains 2025 GS Paper II, which asked: “Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates, disproportionate to their known sources of income, would constitute ‘undue influence’ and consequently a corrupt practice.” It tests the same ground from the other side: what a legislator earns, and what it means when assets outrun it.
Facts worth revising until they’re automatic:
- Article 106 covers MPs, Article 195 MLAs, Article 75(6) Union ministers and Article 164(5) state ministers, and all four say “by law”.
- An MP gets Rs 1,24,000 salary, Rs 2,500 daily allowance, Rs 87,000 constituency allowance and Rs 75,000 office allowance, from 1 April 2023.
- MP pay and pension are revised every five years on the Cost Inflation Index, a rule added in 2018.
- MP pension is Rs 31,000 for any period of service, plus Rs 2,500 for each year beyond five.
- Sumptuary allowances under the 1952 Act are Rs 3,000 for the Prime Minister, Rs 2,000 for Cabinet ministers, Rs 1,000 for Ministers of State and Rs 600 for Deputy Ministers.
- Maharashtra and Gujarat peg MLA pay to civil servants; Kerala’s Act pays a Rs 2,000 fixed allowance.
- Karnataka’s 2025 Bill set the Chief Minister’s salary at Rs 1,50,000 and Himachal’s at Rs 1,15,000.
Three confusions cost marks, and each has a clean way to keep the pair apart:
- Article 106 versus Article 105. Article 106 is about salaries; Article 105 is about the powers and privileges of Parliament and its members, which the note on parliamentary privileges covers. The state pair is Article 195 and Article 194.
- Salary versus a development fund. MPLADS money is spent by the district administration on works an MP recommends, and none of it is pay.
- A minister’s salary versus a member’s salary. A minister draws one salary, not two, because section 9 of the 1952 Act rules out the second.
The four offices side by side:
| Office | Constitution | Law that fixes pay | How it’s revised |
|---|---|---|---|
| MP | Article 106 | Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954 | Cost Inflation Index every five years from 2023 |
| Prime Minister and Union ministers | Article 75(6) | Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952 | Follows the MP salary; sumptuary allowance fixed in the Act |
| MLA and MLC | Article 195 | Each state’s legislature Act | Amendment, pegging, indexation or delegation, state by state |
| Chief Minister and state ministers | Article 164(5) | Each state’s Ministers Act | Amendment by state law |
The topic is small, but it rewards precision more than most. Learn the four Articles and the MP numbers exactly, and treat every state figure as three facts at once: this state, this year and this head of pay. An answer that quotes Kerala’s Rs 2,000 without saying what it covers makes the very mistake the topic is built to test.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the salary of an MLA in India?
There’s no single MLA salary in India, because each state legislature fixes its members’ pay by its own law under Article 195. Among figures confirmed from official texts, Karnataka’s 2025 Bill sets Rs 80,000 a month, Himachal Pradesh’s Rs 70,000 and Delhi’s Rs 30,000. Allowances often add more than the salary itself.
What is the salary of an MP in India?
An MP’s salary is Rs 1,24,000 a month, effective from 1 April 2023 under a revision notified in March 2025. On top of it come a constituency allowance of Rs 87,000, an office expense allowance of Rs 75,000 and a daily allowance of Rs 2,500 for each sitting day. Only the Rs 1,24,000 is salary; the rest are expense heads.
What is the salary of a Chief Minister in India?
A Chief Minister’s salary is fixed by each state’s own law under Article 164(5), so it varies. Karnataka’s 2025 Bill set it at Rs 1,50,000 a month and Himachal Pradesh’s at Rs 1,15,000, while Uttar Pradesh’s basic pay was Rs 40,000 in 2020. Residence, staff and travel entitlements come on top of the salary.
How much pension does a former MP get?
A former MP gets Rs 31,000 a month for any period of service, plus Rs 2,500 a month for every year served beyond five years. These rates apply from 1 April 2023 and are revised every five years on the Cost Inflation Index. A member who served ten years gets Rs 43,500 a month.
Who decides the salary of MPs and MLAs?
Legislators decide their own pay by passing laws. Parliament fixes MPs’ pay under Article 106 and each state legislature fixes MLAs’ pay under Article 195. Parliament reduced the conflict of interest in 2018 by linking MPs’ pay to the Cost Inflation Index, while states such as Maharashtra and Gujarat link MLA pay to civil servants’ salaries.
Which state pays its MLAs the most?
No reliable ranking exists, because states publish different heads of pay revised in different years. Among figures confirmed from official texts, Karnataka and Mizoram set the highest salary line at Rs 80,000 a month, but Himachal Pradesh’s salary plus constituency and office allowances reach Rs 2,80,000. A fair comparison needs the same head of pay at the same date.
What is the salary of the Prime Minister of India?
The Prime Minister draws the same salary as any MP, Rs 1,24,000 a month, under the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952. The office adds a sumptuary allowance of Rs 3,000 a month, the MP-rate constituency allowance and a rent-free furnished residence. A minister can’t draw a second salary as an MP.
How often is MP salary revised?
MP salary, daily allowance and pension are revised every five years on the basis of the Cost Inflation Index, a rule added to the 1954 Act in 2018. The first revision was due from 1 April 2023 and was notified in March 2025. The next revision point is 1 April 2028.
Practice Questions
Prelims
1. Consider the following statements: 1. Article 106 of the Constitution allows Parliament to determine the salaries and allowances of its members by law. 2. Article 164(5) leaves the salaries of state ministers to be fixed by the Governor by order. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a) Article 164(5) leaves ministers’ salaries to the state legislature by law, not to the Governor.
2. Consider the following statements about the pay of Members of Parliament: 1. Salary, daily allowance and pension are revised every five years on the basis of the Cost Inflation Index. 2. The first revision under this rule took effect from 1 April 2023. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- (a) 1 only
- (b) 2 only
- (c) Both 1 and 2
- (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) The 2018 amendment set five-yearly indexation from 1 April 2023, and the revision notified in 2025 took effect from that date.
3. Under the Salaries and Allowances of Ministers Act, 1952, what is the monthly sumptuary allowance of the Prime Minister?
- (a) Rs 600
- (b) Rs 1,000
- (c) Rs 2,000
- (d) Rs 3,000
Answer: (d) Section 5 fixes Rs 3,000 for the Prime Minister, Rs 2,000 for other Cabinet ministers, Rs 1,000 for Ministers of State and Rs 600 for Deputy Ministers.
4. The salaries and allowances of members of a State Legislature are provided for under which Article of the Constitution?
- (a) Article 105
- (b) Article 106
- (c) Article 194
- (d) Article 195
Answer: (d) Article 195 covers the salaries of state legislators, while Article 194 covers their powers and privileges.
5. Consider the following statements: 1. Maharashtra links the salary of its MLAs to the pay of a Principal Secretary to the state government. 2. Kerala’s Payment of Salaries and Allowances Act, 1951 gives MLAs a fixed allowance of Rs 2,000 a month. 3. A former MP becomes eligible for pension only after completing a full five-year term. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- (a) 1 and 2 only
- (b) 2 and 3 only
- (c) 1 and 3 only
- (d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) Statement 3 is wrong because MP pension is payable for service of any length.
Mains
- Legislators in India fix their own salaries. Examine the conflict of interest this creates and evaluate alternatives such as independent commissions and indexation. (15 marks, 250 words)
- Comparisons of MLA salaries across states often mislead. Explain why, with reference to the difference between basic pay and total emoluments. (10 marks, 150 words)
- The linking of MPs’ salaries and pensions to the Cost Inflation Index in 2018 was meant to take politics out of legislators’ pay. Critically assess whether it has succeeded. (10 marks, 150 words)
- Should the pension of former legislators depend on length of service and conduct? Discuss with reference to recent state legislation. (15 marks, 250 words)
- Adequate pay for legislators is often defended as a safeguard of their independence. Discuss the argument and its limits in the Indian context. (10 marks, 150 words)