(a) How will you apply emotional intelligence in administrative practices? (10 marks, 150 words) (b) Strength, peace and security are considered to be the pillars of international relations. Elucidate. (10 marks, 150 words)

(a) Applying emotional intelligence in administration

Emotional intelligence — the ability to perceive, understand and manage one's own and others' emotions (Goleman: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, social skills) — is decisive in a people-facing service.

• Self-awareness and self-regulation: staying calm and unbiased in crises, riots or media pressure, and taking objective decisions.
• Empathy: understanding grievances of the poor, disaster victims or agitators, enabling humane, responsive administration.
• Motivation and social skill: inspiring subordinates, resolving conflict, and negotiating with diverse stakeholders during, say, land acquisition or protests.
• Resilience: managing stress, transfers and criticism without loss of judgement or integrity.

EI thus turns authority into effective, compassionate leadership.

(b) Strength, peace and security as pillars of international relations

Kalam's insight is that stable IR rests on these interdependent pillars.

• Strength: comprehensive national power — economic, military, technological — commands respect and deters aggression; weakness invites coercion.
• Peace: strength must serve peaceful coexistence, dialogue and cooperation, not domination.
• Security: mutual security and trust sustain lasting relations; insecurity breeds conflict.

India's posture — credible deterrence with 'strategic autonomy' and commitment to peace — reflects this balance.

Conclusion

Just as EI blends inner strength with empathy in governance, durable international relations blend national strength with a genuine will to peace and shared security.