(a) “It is not enough to talk about peace, one must believe in it; and it is not enough to believe in it, one must act upon it.” In the present context, the major weapon industries of the developed nations are adversely influencing continuation of number of wars for their own self-interest, all around the world. What are the ethical considerations of the powerful nations in today’s international arena to stop continuation of ongoing conflicts? (b) Global warming and climate change are the outcomes of human greed in the name of development, indicating the direction in which extinction of organisms including human beings is heading towards loss of life on Earth. How do you put an end to this to protect life and bring equilibrium between the society and the environment?

(a) Ethical considerations of powerful nations toward peace

When weapon industries of developed nations sustain wars for profit, they place private gain above human life — a grave ethical failure. Powerful states carry heightened moral duties: ahimsa and the sanctity of life; global justice and the responsibility that comes with power; and stewardship of the international order they helped build.

• Curb the arms trade and 'merchants of death' who profit from prolonged conflict
• Prioritise diplomacy, mediation and multilateralism over strategic self-interest
• Honour humanitarian law, protect civilians and fund reconstruction, not destruction

As the topic's anchor states, it is not enough to talk about peace or believe in it — one must act on it.

(b) Ethical response to climate change

Global warming born of 'development as greed' reflects a failure of intergenerational and inter-species ethics. Gandhi's insight — 'the earth has enough for everyone's need but not everyone's greed' — is the guiding principle.

• Replace greed-based consumerism with sustainable, need-based living (Mission LiFE)
• Honour common but differentiated responsibilities; the affluent must cut emissions and finance the vulnerable
• Adopt an ecocentric ethic that respects all life, not just human utility
• Pursue clean energy, circular economy and conservation as moral duties

Peace among nations and equilibrium with nature both demand that greed yield to responsibility and compassion.