(a) State the three basic values, universal in nature, in the context of civil services and bring out their importance. (10 marks, 150 words) (b) Distinguish between “Code of ethics” and “Code of conduct” with suitable examples. (10 marks, 150 words)

(a) Three basic, universal values in civil service

Certain values are universal because they underpin ethical administration in every society.

• Integrity: honesty and consistency between principle and action. It is foundational — it prevents corruption and earns public trust.
• Impartiality and non-partisanship: treating all citizens equally and serving the government of the day without political or personal bias. It upholds equality (Article 14) and institutional credibility.
• Objectivity: basing decisions on evidence, merit and rules rather than prejudice or favour. It ensures fair, defensible governance.

Together they guarantee that public power is exercised fairly, honestly and in the public interest — which is why the Second ARC and Nolan principles emphasise them.

(b) Code of ethics versus code of conduct

• Code of ethics states broad, aspirational values and principles — integrity, impartiality, dedication to public service. It guides the spirit of behaviour and appeals to conscience. Example: a declaration that officers shall act in the public interest with the highest integrity.
• Code of conduct prescribes specific, enforceable dos and don'ts with penalties. It governs the letter of behaviour. Example: the All India Services (Conduct) Rules barring acceptance of gifts or unauthorised media disclosures.

The code of ethics inspires; the code of conduct regulates and is enforceable.

Conclusion

Universal values give the civil service its moral compass, while ethics and conduct codes translate that compass into aspiration and enforceable practice respectively.