Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless and useless manpower in the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges.

Inclusive growth is growth that spreads opportunity and its benefits across all sections, sectors and regions. A key obstacle is what the question calls 'careless and useless manpower' — a large, unskilled, low-productivity workforce that cannot participate meaningfully in a modern economy.

Challenges to inclusive growth

• Skill deficit: only a small share of the workforce is formally skilled, limiting employability and productivity.
• Jobless and informal growth: over 90 percent of workers are in the informal sector without social security.
• Low female labour-force participation and regional and rural-urban disparities.
• Poor health, nutrition and education erode the quality of human capital, risking a demographic burden rather than a dividend.

Measures needed

• Scale up skilling and apprenticeships through Skill India, PMKVY and industry-aligned ITIs.
• Strengthen school education and outcomes under NEP 2020 and improve health and nutrition delivery.
• Formalise employment, extend social security (e-Shram) and boost labour-intensive manufacturing and MSMEs.
• Raise women's participation through safety, childcare and flexible work.

Conclusion

Converting India's youthful population into productive human capital is essential to harness the demographic dividend and make growth genuinely inclusive.