Highlight the importance of the new objectives that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century.

Till 1920 the national movement's vision was largely political — self-government on colonial lines. From the twenties, freedom acquired a wider socio-economic and moral content that transformed the movement's character.

New objectives added since the 1920s

• Purna Swaraj: the Lahore Congress (1929) replaced dominion status with complete independence, celebrated on 26 January 1930.
• Socio-economic rights: the Karachi Resolution (1931) promised fundamental rights, a living wage for workers and state control of key industries.
• Socialist orientation: Nehru and Bose popularised socialism; the Congress Socialist Party (1934) pressed for radical agrarian change.
• Social equality: Gandhi's campaign against untouchability, temple-entry movements and the constructive programme made social reform integral to swaraj.
• Mobilisation of workers and peasants: AITUC (1920) and the All India Kisan Sabha (1936) tied class demands to national freedom.
• Economic planning: the National Planning Committee (1938) committed the movement to planned industrial development.
• Wider citizenship: mass participation of women in Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience, and a consciously secular, composite nationalism against rising communalism.

Importance of these objectives

• They converted an elite constitutional agitation into a genuine mass movement with something to offer every section of society.
• They fused political liberty with social and economic justice, ensuring independence would mean transformation, not a mere transfer of power.
• They gave the movement resilience: when constitutional politics stalled, the constructive and social agenda kept organisational energy alive in the villages.
• They directly shaped the Republic — Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles echo Karachi, while planning and land reform flowed from the pre-independence consensus.

The vision of independence thus matured from a change of rulers into the promise of a just, egalitarian and modern India — the standard by which the Republic still measures itself.