Consider the following statements: 1. The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) has a ‘Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air’. 2. The UNCAC is the ever-first legally binding global anti-corruption instrument. 3. A highlight of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) is the inclusion of a specific chapter aimed at returning assets to their rightful owners from whom they had been taken illicitly. 4. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is mandated by its member States to assist in the implementation of both UNCAC and UNTOC. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Explanation
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air is one of the three protocols that supplement the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), not the UNCAC.
Statement 2 is Correct: The UNCAC is the first and only legally binding universal anti-corruption instrument. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2003 and entered into force in 2005.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Asset recovery is a fundamental principle and a specific highlight (Chapter V) of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), not the UNTOC.
Statement 4 is Correct: The UNODC is mandated by its member states to assist in the implementation of both the UNCAC and UNTOC. It also assists in the implementation of the three UN Drug Conventions of 1961, 1971, and 1988.