Consider the following activities: I. Production of crude oil II. Refining, storage and distribution of petroleum products III. Marketing and sale of petroleum products IV. Production of natural gas How many of the above activities are regulated by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board in our country?
Explanation
The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) regulates downstream activities like storage, distribution, and marketing—not upstream activities like production.
I. Production of crude oil – Not regulated * This is an upstream activity regulated by the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH), not PNGRB.
II. Refining, storage and distribution – Partially regulated * Storage and distribution are regulated by PNGRB. * Refining is generally not directly regulated, though PNGRB may set standards affecting it.
III. Marketing and sale of petroleum products – Regulated * PNGRB authorizes entities to market notified petroleum products and natural gas.
IV. Production of natural gas – Not regulated * Like crude oil, it's an upstream activity, not under PNGRB.