UPSC CSE 2026 Essay Paper Discussion
GS Paper 3 10 marks · 150w 9 min Easy

Agritech and e-technology can transform smallholder agriculture in India. Discuss the role of AgriStack, drones and digital platforms, and the risks of digital exclusion.

Subtopic: Agriculture · Technology

Model answer outline

How to structure your answer

Introduction: Digital Agriculture Mission 2024 has an outlay of ₹2,817 crore; AgriStack builds a federated farmer ID linked to land records and Krishi Decision Support System.

Body: 1) Stack components — Farmer Registry, Geo-referenced village maps, Crop Sown Registry. 2) Use cases — PM-KISAN targeting, KCC, PMFBY claim settlement, advisories via Kisan Sarathi. 3) Exclusion risks — tenancy invisibility, female cultivators, internet access in tribal blocks.

Way forward: Anchor AgriStack to DPDP Act 2023 consent norms; co-design with Krishi Vigyan Kendras; subsidise Kisan Drone use under SMAM.

Full model answer

Written within the word limit

135 words · target 150 words · 9 min

Introduction: The Digital Agriculture Mission (₹2,817 crore, Cabinet September 2024) targets onboarding 11 crore farmers onto AgriStack by 2026-27, integrating Farmer Registry, Crop-Sown Registry and Geo-Referenced Village Maps.

Body: AgriStack delivers DBT for PM-KISAN (₹3.7 lakh crore disbursed since 2019), credit scoring for KCC, and PMFBY claim settlement. Namo Drone Didi (1,094 SHGs trained, March 2026) and Kisan Drones under SMAM enable 30% pesticide saving and yield gains (ICAR field trials 2024). Digital platforms — e-NAM, ONDC's agri-vertical, Kisan Suvidha — democratise market access. Yet digital divide persists: only 35% rural women own smartphones (NFHS-5), and Andhra Pradesh's Rythu Bharosa data-leak (2023) and Telangana's land-record breaches expose privacy risks. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 lacks sector-specific safeguards for farm data.

Way forward: The Department of Agriculture should notify a Farm Data Trust under DPDP Act Section 11 by 2027, and converge AgriStack with PMFBY and PM-KISAN with farmer-consent dashboards.

Key points

What an examiner expects to see

  • Digital Agriculture Mission outlay ₹2,817 crore (2024)
  • AgriStack — Agri Stack, AgriDSS, Soil Profile Map
  • Kisan Drones — SMAM subsidy up to 100% for SC/ST/women
  • ICAR-IASRI Krishi Decision Support System
  • Bhashini for multilingual advisories
  • PMFBY satellite-based yield estimation
Examples to use

Concrete cases, schemes and judgments

  • AgriStack pilots in UP, MP, Gujarat
  • Kisan Sarathi platform IIT Kanpur
  • Operation Greens for TOP crops
  • FPOs under 10,000 FPO scheme
Keywords / terms

Terminology to weave into the answer

AgriStackKisan DronePMFBYDPISMAMFPO
Sources to read

Primary sources and verified references

Digital Agriculture Mission — PIB Release https://www.pib.gov.in/ Anantam IAS — Role of E-Technology in Agriculture https://anantamias.com/role-of-e-technology-in-agriculture/ Anantam IAS — Role of Agritech https://anantamias.com/role-of-agritech/

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