Discuss the achievements of Operation Flood and the role of NDDB in sustaining India’s leadership in milk production.
Subtopic: Agriculture · Animal husbandry
How to structure your answer
Introduction: India produced 230.58 MT of milk in 2022-23 (DAHD Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2024), world's largest producer (~24% global); Operation Flood (1970-96) under V. Kurien and NDDB.
Body: 1) Achievements — Anand pattern cooperatives, milk per capita 459 g/day. 2) Schemes — Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM, ₹2,400 crore), National Dairy Plan-II, e-Gopala app, IVF Mission Sex-Sorted Semen. 3) Constraints — low productivity (4-5 kg/day vs global 25 kg), feed costs, climate stress.
Way forward: Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act amendment for inter-state cooperatives; Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (₹29,610 crore) deployment.
Written within the word limit
140 words · target 150 words · 9 min
Introduction: India produced 230.58 million tonnes of milk in 2022-23 (DAHD Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2024), retaining its position as the world's largest producer with ~24% of global output; Operation Flood under V. Kurien and the National Dairy Development Board (1970-96) created the cooperative architecture.
Body: First, Operation Flood replicated the Anand pattern across India, lifting per-capita availability to 459 g/day and embedding Amul, Mother Dairy, and Banas Dairy as anchor brands. Second, current support flows through the Rashtriya Gokul Mission (₹2,400 crore) for indigenous breeds, the Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (₹29,610 crore), and the e-Gopala digital platform. Third, productivity remains 4-5 kg/day per animal versus ~25 kg globally, with feed costs and climate stress as binding constraints.
Way forward: Operationalise Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act amendments under "Sahakar Se Samriddhi," expand IVF Sex-Sorted Semen Mission, and deploy AHIDF for chilling-processing infrastructure by 2030 under DAHD.
What an examiner expects to see
- Milk output 230.58 MT (DAHD 2022-23)
- Per capita 459 g/day
- Operation Flood 1970-96
- Rashtriya Gokul Mission ₹2,400 crore
- AHIDF ₹29,610 crore
- e-Gopala digital platform
Concrete cases, schemes and judgments
- Amul, Mother Dairy
- NDDB Anand model
- Banas Dairy Gujarat
- Sahakar Se Samriddhi push