UPSC CSE 2026 Essay Paper Discussion
GS Paper 4 10 marks · 150w 9 min Medium

List the Nolan Principles of Public Life. Discuss with examples how ‘openness’ and ‘leadership’ can come into tension during a public-health emergency.

Subtopic: Section A · Aptitude and foundational values · Nolan principles

Model answer outline

How to structure your answer

Define: the seven Nolan principles (selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty, leadership).

Illustrate: COVID-19 — openness about case counts vs leadership pressure to prevent panic.

Apply: Disaster Management Act 2005 and reasoned restrictions on disclosure.

Conclude: openness should be the default; restrictions must be time-bound and justified.

Full model answer

Written within the word limit

143 words · target 150 words · 9 min

Definition: The Nolan Committee (UK, 1995) codified seven principles of public life — selflessness, integrity, objectivity, accountability, openness, honesty and leadership — that bind holders of public office.

Illustration: During COVID-19, 'openness' demanded daily disclosure of case counts, ICU bed availability and vaccine stockpile, while 'leadership' required confidence-building messaging that did not trigger panic-hoarding of oxygen. Kerala's daily 6 pm briefings under K.K. Shailaja balanced both — granular ward-level data with calm framing. The Tamil Nadu Public Health Department's transparent dashboard for the 2024 dengue surge similarly held the line. Tensions arise when full openness risks undermining confidence — officers must disclose verifiable facts promptly while contextualising them. T.N. Seshan modelled both at the Election Commission by publishing irregularities while reasserting institutional authority.

Application: The 2nd ARC's Ethics in Governance recommends adopting a codified Indian Public Service Values statement modelled on Nolan, with disclosure built into RTI Section 4.

Key points

What an examiner expects to see

  • Nolan Committee (UK, 1995) — seven principles adopted as global benchmark
  • 2nd ARC adapted them as Civil Services Code of Ethics for India
  • Openness — proactive disclosure under RTI 2005 Section 4
  • Leadership — by example, not by command
  • Tension in pandemics: WHO joint mission report February 2020 vs national risk communication
  • Bhopal 1984, AIIMS COVID dashboards 2020-21 — case studies in disclosure ethics
Examples to use

Concrete cases, schemes and judgments

  • Kerala health communication during Nipah 2018 under K.K. Shailaja
  • DGCA 2020 disclosure norms for COVID-positive flight passengers
  • ICMR daily testing dashboard during second wave 2021
Keywords / terms

Terminology to weave into the answer

Nolan principlesselflessnessintegrityobjectivityaccountabilityopennesshonestyleadershipCivil Services Code
Sources to read

Primary sources and verified references

Foundational Values of Civil Services — anantamias https://anantamias.com/foundational-values-of-civil-services/ Code of Conduct for Ministers — anantamias https://anantamias.com/code-of-conduct-for-ministers-for-both-union-and-state-by-home-ministry/ 2nd ARC Report on Ethics in Governance https://darpg.gov.in/sites/default/files/ethics4.pdf RTI Act 2005 — anantamias https://anantamias.com/rti-act-2005/

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