With reference to the cultural history of India, consider the following pairs: 1. Parivrajaka — Renunciant and Wanderer 2. Shramana — Priest with a high status 3. Upasaka — Lay follower of Buddhism Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Explanation
1. Parivrajaka: The term refers to a wandering ascetic or religious mendicant who has renounced worldly life and possessions to lead a life of spiritual pilgrimage. Thus, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
2. Shramana: This term refers to 'one who strives' or performs acts of austerity. Shramanas were practitioners of asceticism and seekers of liberation in traditions like Buddhism, Jainism, and the Ajivika sect. They were distinct from and often opposed to the Vedic Brahmanical priests and their social hierarchy. Thus, Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
3. Upasaka: This term refers to the lay followers of Buddhism (and Jainism) who did not enter the monastic order (Sangha) as monks or nuns but followed the teachings of the Buddha in their daily lives. Thus, Pair 3 is correctly matched.