MS Swaminathan: Father of Green Revolution — Biography & Legacy
UPSC biography of MS Swaminathan — Green Revolution architect, HYV wheat pioneer, Swaminathan Commission MSP formula, and Bharat Ratna 2024.
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Mediterranean Sea: Countries, Climate & Strategic Importance — UPSC
Complete UPSC guide to the Mediterranean Sea — 22 bordering countries, chokepoints (Gibraltar, Suez, Bosphorus), climate, vegetation and strategic significance.
Mandal Commission: OBC Reservation Report & 1990 Implementation
Complete UPSC guide to the Mandal Commission (1978–80) — B.P. Mandal report, 27% OBC reservation, VP Singh's 1990 decision, Indra Sawhney case, and creamy…
Kheda Satyagraha 1918: Gandhi’s Second Mass Movement in India
UPSC guide to the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 — Gandhi's no-tax campaign in Gujarat, Sardar Patel's emergence, and its place after Champaran.
Jayaprakash Narayan: Loknayak & JP Movement 1974 — Biography
UPSC biography of Jayaprakash Narayan — freedom fighter, Congress Socialist founder, Sarvodaya leader, and architect of the JP Movement and Total Revolution.
International Date Line: Definition, Location & Why It Zigzags
Complete UPSC guide to the International Date Line (IDL) — 180° meridian, why it zigzags around Kiribati, Russia, Samoa, and how dates change when…
Indus Waters Treaty 1960: Provisions, Suspension & India-Pakistan Water Dispute
UPSC guide to the Indus Waters Treaty 1960 — Nehru-Ayub Khan pact, World Bank role, river allocation, Permanent Indus Commission, and 2025 abeyance.
Indira Point: India’s Southernmost Point — Complete UPSC Guide
UPSC guide to Indira Point — India's southernmost tip in Great Nicobar, 150 km from Indonesia, lighthouse submerged by 2004 tsunami, Galathea Bay project.
Heterotrophic Nutrition: Types, Examples & Saprophytes — UPSC
UPSC & NCERT guide to heterotrophic nutrition — holozoic, saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic types with examples of amoeba, Cuscuta, fungi, and more.
Gaganyaan Mission: India’s First Human Spaceflight Programme Explained
The Gaganyaan mission will put three Indian astronauts into a 400-km low Earth orbit for three days. Here is the full UPSC story —…
Environment Protection Act 1986: Umbrella Law, EIA, NGT and 2024 Decriminalisation
Environment Protection Act 1986 is India's umbrella environment law. Origins after Bhopal, Article 253 basis, EIA 2006, draft EIA 2020, NGT and 2024 decriminalisation…
Ecological Pyramid: Types, Examples & Trophic Levels — UPSC Guide
UPSC guide to ecological pyramids — pyramid of numbers, biomass, energy, trophic levels, 10% law, Elton's concept, examples, limitations.