Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves or no leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Explanation
Statement 1 is Correct: Desert plants (xerophytes) often have a thick, waxy cuticle on their leaves which acts as a physical barrier to minimize water loss through transpiration. Statement 2 is Correct: Many desert plants have very small leaves or shed them entirely to reduce the surface area exposed to the sun, thereby significantly inhibiting water loss. Statement 3 is Correct: In several arid species, leaves are modified into thorns or spines to minimize the surface area for transpiration and to protect the plant's stored water from herbivores.