Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss? 1. Hard and waxy leaves 2. Tiny leaves 3. Thorns instead of leaves Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Explanation
Plants in arid environments have evolved adaptive features to minimize water loss through transpiration:
- Hard and waxy leaves have a thick cuticle and fewer stomata, reducing water loss by limiting evaporation. - Tiny leaves have a smaller surface area, which decreases the area exposed to transpiration. - Thorns, though primarily modified branches for protection, can also replace leaves in some desert plants (e.g., cacti), further reducing transpiration by limiting leaf surface area.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (d) 1, 2 and 3.