To obtain full benefits of demographic dividend, what should India do?

Demographic dividend refers to the economic growth potential that results from shifts in a population's age structure, specifically when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64 years) is larger than the non-working-age share. To reap the benefits of this transition, the expanding workforce must be productive and employable. Promoting skill development is essential to enhance the quality of human capital, ensuring that the labor force possesses the technical and vocational expertise required by the economy. Without adequate skills, a large working-age population can lead to unemployment and social instability rather than economic growth, a point emphasized in the 12th Five Year Plan and subsequent Economic Surveys.