Indian Society

Statement 1 is Correct: The PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana is a government initiative that targets the installation of rooftop solar systems in one crore households within the residential sector to provide free electricity.

Statement 2 is Correct: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) aims to impart training on the installation, operation, maintenance, and repairs of solar rooftop systems at the grassroots level to support the scheme's infrastructure.

Statement 3 is Correct: The scheme includes a dedicated capacity-building component designed to create more than three lakh skilled manpower through fresh skilling and up-skilling initiatives to meet the demand for solar technicians.

Statement I: Correct *RGM aims to conserve indigenous breeds, benefiting small farmers and landless labourers by improving animal productivity.*

Statement II: Correct *Launched in December 2014, the mission promotes scientific breeding, genetic upgradation, and conservation of indigenous breeds.*

Correct Answer: (C) Both Statements I and II are correct.

Statement I: Incorrect *The President of India is NOT a member of the Jury.*

Statement II: Correct *The Prime Minister of India is the Chairperson of the Jury.*

Statement III: Correct *The Chief Justice of India (or a Supreme Court Judge nominated by the CJI) is a Jury member.*

Statement IV: Correct *The Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha (or leader of largest opposition party) is a Jury member.*

Correct Answer: Statements II, III, and IV are correct.

Statement 1 is Correct: Since April 1, 2016, the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) has been implemented as a Central Sector Scheme. Under this revised structure, the Central Government provides 100% funding for the implementation of the programme in all States and Union Territories.

Statement 2 is Correct: A core component of the scheme is the digitization of cadastral maps, which are detailed maps showing the boundaries and ownership of individual land parcels, to ensure accurate and accessible digital land records.

Statement 3 is Correct: The Department of Land Resources has undertaken an initiative to transliterate the Records of Rights (RoR) from local languages into any of the 22 languages recognized by the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India to improve accessibility and transparency across states.

Operation Sadbhavana is a unique initiative undertaken by the Indian Army in Jammu & Kashmir and the North East regions. It focuses on winning the hearts and minds of the local population through various developmental activities and assistance. This includes providing education, healthcare, infrastructure development, and promoting skill development initiatives.

_Let's look at the other options:_

* Operation Sankalp was launched by the Indian Navy to ensure maritime security in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

* Operation Maitri refers to the Indian Armed Forces' humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations to assist friendly countries. A notable example was the aid provided to Nepal during the 2015 earthquake.

* Operation Madad is the Indian Navy's effort to provide humanitarian assistance and disaster relief during natural calamities, both within India and to neighboring countries.

With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM) Yojana, here's the breakdown of the statements:

* Statement 1: Incorrect. The eligible age group for enrolment in the scheme is 18 to 40 years, not 21 to 40 years. This allows younger workers to join early and contribute for a longer period.

* Statement 2: Correct. Beneficiaries are required to make age-specific monthly contributions, which increase with age. For instance, contributions start at ₹55 for an 18-year-old and go up to ₹200 for a 40-year-old.

* Statement 3: Correct. Subscribers will receive a minimum pension of ₹3,000 per month after attaining 60 years of age. This provides social security for workers in the unorganized sector.

* Statement 4: Incorrect. Family pension is available only to the spouse, who will receive 50% of the pension amount after the subscriber's death. Unmarried daughters are not eligible for this benefit.

The 100 Million Farmers is a global initiative launched by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It serves as a platform to accelerate the transition toward food and water systems that are net-zero, nature-positive, and resilient. The program aims to support 100 million farmers by 2030 in adopting regenerative agriculture practices, which improve soil health, sequester carbon, and enhance biodiversity while securing farmer livelihoods.

Option B is Incorrect: This description refers to general organic animal husbandry networks, whereas the 100 Million Farmers initiative focuses on broader regenerative agriculture and climate-resilient food systems.

Option C is Incorrect: This describes a blockchain-based fertilizer trading platform, which is not the objective of this initiative.

Option D is Incorrect: While farmer collectives are important, the primary mission of "100 Million Farmers" is the transition to sustainable, net-zero, and nature-positive agricultural practices rather than just facilitating market access through FPOs.

* Statement 1 is incorrect. The World Toilet Organization (WTO) is not an agency of the United Nations. It is an international non-profit organization.

* Statement 2 is correct. The WTO is known for its initiatives like World Toilet Summit, World Toilet Day, and World Toilet College, all aimed at addressing the global sanitation crisis.

* Statement 3 is incorrect. While the WTO advocates for improved sanitation and hygiene, its primary function is not to grant funds. It focuses on advocacy, education, and capacity building to achieve its goals.

_Therefore, only statement 2 is correct._

* Statement 1: Incorrect. The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) provides a minimum package of antenatal care (ANC) services only during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. It does not cover post-delivery health care services for six months. The focus is on ensuring safe pregnancies through early detection and management of high-risk cases.

* Statement 2: Correct. Under PMSMA, private sector health care providers (such as gynecologists, radiologists, and physicians) can volunteer to provide free services at nearby government health facilities on the 9th of every month. This public-private partnership enhances access to specialized care for pregnant women.

* Statement 1: Correct. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) rules in India state that expenditures aimed at benefiting the company's business interests or its employees (such as those related to employee welfare or activities that are a direct business benefit) will not be counted as CSR activities. The focus of CSR is on activities that benefit society at large and not just the company or its direct stakeholders.

* Statement 2: Incorrect. Under the Companies Act, 2013, CSR rules do specify a minimum spending requirement. Companies meeting certain criteria (like having a net worth of ₹500 crore or more, or an annual turnover of ₹1,000 crore or more, or a net profit of ₹5 crore or more) must allocate at least 2% of their average net profits over the last three years towards CSR activities.

So, the correct answer is: A. 1 only

* Statement 1 is incorrect: Prophylactic Iron Folic Acid supplementation (not Prophylactic calcium) given to children, adolescents, women of reproductive age and pregnant women, irrespective of anaemia is a key continued intervention.

* Statement 2 is correct: Promotion and monitoring of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord for at least 3 minutes (or until cord pulsations cease) for newborns across all health facilities will be carried out for improving the infants iron reserves up to 6 months after birth. Simultaneously, all birth attendants should make an effort to ensure early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth.

* Statement 3 is correct: The Anaemia Mukt Bharat, also integrates deworming of women of reproductive age and for pregnant women as part of the NDD strategy. Bi-annual mass deworming for children in the age groups between 1-19 years is carried out on designated dates 10th February and 10th August every year under National Deworming Day (NDD) programme.

* Statement 4 is correct: The Anaemia Mukt Bharat strategy attempts to intensify awareness and integrate screening and treatment for non-nutritional causes of anaemia with special focus on malaria, haemoglobinopathies and fluorosis.

Statement-I is Correct: India's public healthcare system has historically prioritized curative care through hospital-based services, while preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services (such as early screening, health education, and post-treatment recovery) receive significantly less budgetary and structural emphasis.

Statement-II is Correct: Under the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution, 'Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries' are listed under the State List (Entry 6). This decentralized framework makes State governments primarily responsible for the organization and delivery of health services.

Relationship: While both statements are factually accurate, Statement-II describes the administrative and constitutional division of power, which does not serve as the reason for the curative-heavy nature of the system described in Statement-I. The focus on curative care is a result of historical policy choices, infrastructure development patterns, and funding models rather than the fact that States manage the services. Therefore, Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

Statement 1 is incorrect: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the National Health Mission (NHM). It is a central intervention implemented by states, not an intervention of the State Health Departments.

Statement 2 is correct: The primary objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality by encouraging safe, institutional births.

Statement 3 is correct: The scheme provides a cash incentive to mothers to promote institutional delivery, particularly among those from BPL, SC, and ST households.

Statement 4 is incorrect: While care for sick infants is a priority under the National Health Mission, the provision of free facilities for sick infants up to one year of age is specifically a feature of the Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) launched in 2011. JSY, launched in 2005, is primarily a conditional cash transfer scheme for delivery.

Statement 1 is correct: The Tea Board of India is a statutory body created under the Tea Act, 1953 and it was established to regulate the Indian tea industry and protect the interests of tea producers in India.

Statement 2 is incorrect: It is functioning as a statutory body of the Central Government under the Ministry of Commerce.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Tea Board of India's Head Office is situated in Kolkata.

Statement 4 is correct: The Tea Board of India has overseas offices in Moscow, Dubai, Hamburg, London, and New York.

Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission aims to provide digital health IDs for all Indian citizens to help hospitals, insurance firms, and citizens access health records electronically when required.

Statement 1 is incorrect. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) has not made it mandatory for adoption by private and public hospitals. Its adoption so far would be voluntary. Participation in ABDM is voluntary including for citizens. Participation of a healthcare facility or an institution is also voluntary and shall be taken by the respective management (government or private management).

Statement 2 is incorrect. The aim of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission is to facilitate the ease of access to medical records and it is not been mandated to have every citizen as its part though the facility is available to every citizen on a consent basis.

Statement 3 is correct. ABDM will have a national footprint and will enable seamless portability across the country through a Health ID Personal Health Identifier.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Government had launched a scheme viz Casual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and Regularization) Scheme of Government of India, 1993. As per the scheme, Temporary status would be conferred on all casual labourers who were in employment and who have rendered a continuous service of at least one year, which means that they must have been engaged for at least 240 days (206 days in case of offices observing 5 days week).

Statement 2 is Correct: The Supreme Court has decreed that casual workers are also entitled to social security benefits as stipulated in the Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act. The Court's ruling stemmed from its interpretation of Section 2(f) of the EPF Act, wherein the definition of an "employee" encompasses a broad scope, including any individual engaged directly or indirectly in connection with an establishment's work and receiving wages. A bench of the Supreme Court affirmed this viewpoint.

Statement 3 is Correct: The government has the authority to specify through a notification that an establishment or industry is obligated to disburse wages exclusively via its bank account.

Statement 1 is correct. The persons eligible for getting free legal services include - Women and children - Members of SC/ST - Industrial workmen - Victims of mass disaster, violence, flood, drought, earthquake, industrial disaster - Disabled persons - Persons in custody - Persons whose annual income does not exceed 1 lakh - Victims of trafficking in human beings or begar .

Statement 2 is correct. There is provision for free legal aid to transgenders up to 2 lakhs in Delhi. (But it is yet to be implemented at an all India level)

Statement 3 is not correct. There is free aid to members of SC and ST community but not for OBCs.

Statement 4 is not correct. Senior citizens eligibility for free legal aid depends on the Rules framed by the respective State Governments in this regard. In Delhi, for example, senior citizens are eligible for free legal aid subject to a prescribed ceiling of annual income. Therefore, all senior citizens are not eligible for free aid.

Hence, A seems to be the most appropriate option among the given list.

During the fourth Five-Year Plan, a sub-category was created within Scheduled Tribes, known as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, to identify groups that are considered to be at a lower level of development.

Statement 1 is correct: PVTGs are spread over 18 states and one Union Territory (Andaman & Nicobar Islands) in India.

Statement 2 is correct: The criteria for determining PVTG status include a pre-agricultural level of technology, a stagnant or declining population, extremely low literacy, and a subsistence-level of economy.

Statement 3 is incorrect: As of now, there are 75 PVTGs officially notified in the country, not 95.

Statement 4 is correct: Both Irular and Konda Reddi tribes are included in the list of PVTGs.

So, the correct statements are 1, 2, and 4.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: Under the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017, pregnant women are entitled to 26 weeks of paid leave. However, the maximum period for which a woman can avail of pre-delivery leave is 8 weeks, not 3 months (12 weeks).

Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Act mandates that every establishment with 50 or more employees must provide a crèche facility. The employer is required to allow the woman 4 visits a day to the crèche, which includes the interval for rest allowed to her, not 6 visits.

Statement 3 is Correct: The Act provides reduced entitlements for women who have two or more surviving children. In such cases, the paid maternity leave is limited to 12 weeks (6 weeks pre-delivery and 6 weeks post-delivery) instead of the 26 weeks provided for the first two children.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The recent amendment to the India Forest Act,1927 does not provide for the right of forest dwellers to fell the bamboos grown on the forest areas.

Statement 2 is correct. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, bamboo is classified as a minor forest produce.

Statement 3 is correct. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 allows forest dwellers to own, collect, use and dispose of minor forest produce which includes bamboo, tendu leaves, honey, and other forest produce.

The International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are both related to child labour.

Convention No. 138 is the Minimum Age Convention. It requires member countries to set a minimum age for employment and work towards the elimination of child labour.

Convention No. 182 deals with the Worst Forms of Child Labour. It calls for the prohibition and elimination of the most severe forms of child labour, such as slavery, forced labour, and trafficking.

These conventions are considered fundamental by the ILO, meaning all member states must respect, promote, and work towards their aims regardless of ratification.

Statement 1 is correct: In the NSSO 70th Round survey, Rajasthan had the highest percentage of rural agricultural households at 78.4%, followed by Uttar Pradesh at 74.8% and Madhya Pradesh at 70.8%.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Among agricultural households, 45% were from Other Backward Classes (OBC), 16% from Scheduled Castes (SC), and 13% from Scheduled Tribes (ST).

Statement 3 is correct: In most major states, agricultural activities were the primary income source, except in Kerala, where 61% earned more from non-agricultural sources.

* Statement 1 is not correct: The formation of India's own internet companies, similar to China's approach, is not an aim of the Digital India programme. The initiative focuses on creating digital infrastructure, providing digital services, and promoting digital literacy — not establishing government-backed internet firms.

* Statement 2 is not correct: The Digital India plan does not include any policy framework to attract foreign multinational corporations to build data centres in India. While data localisation and data centre policies have emerged later under different frameworks, they are not part of the original Digital India objectives.

* Statement 3 is correct: One of the key aims of Digital India is to connect villages through broadband and to provide Wi-Fi access in schools, public places, and tourist centres. This is part of its core pillars like Broadband Highways, Public Internet Access Programme, and Early Harvest Programmes.

Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) is responsible for PMKVY, not the Ministry of Labour and Employment.

Statement 2 is Correct. PMKVY goes beyond technical skills training and incorporates soft skills, entrepreneurship, financial literacy, and digital literacy to make participants more employable.

Statement 3 is Correct. A core objective of PMKVY is to bridge the gap between the skills of the unregulated workforce and industry requirements by aligning them with the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF). This standardization helps ensure a minimum level of competency and improves employment opportunities.

The Global Gender Gap Index is an annual report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF). It benchmarks progress towards gender parity by measuring the gap between women and men across four dimensions: - Economic Participation and Opportunity - Educational Attainment - Health and Survival - Political Empowerment

* The Recognition of Prior Learning Scheme (RPL) is often mentioned in the news with reference to skill development initiatives in India.

* Target Audience: RPL focuses on individuals who possess skills and knowledge gained through work experience, informal training, or other non-formal learning avenues. These skills might not be formally documented through traditional educational certificates. * Process and Benefits: RPL provides a process for assessing the existing skills and knowledge of individuals. If their skills match the requirements of a specific job role or qualification, they can receive a formal certification without necessarily undergoing the entire formal training program.

* RPL is implemented under Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)

Statement 1 is incorrect. Learners can acquire competency certification through various learning methods under NSQF, not just formal learning. This includes.

- Formal learning (schools, colleges, training institutions) - Non-formal learning (workshops, skill development programs) - Informal learning (on-the-job experience, self-learning)

Statement 2 is correct. One of the key objectives of NSQF is to promote mobility between vocational and general education. The framework establishes a common standard for skills, making it easier for individuals with vocational qualifications to pursue further education or vice versa. This can create a more flexible and inclusive education system.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Career Service is not an initiative of the Department of Personnel and Training, Government of India. It is actually implemented by the Directorate General of Employment, Ministry of Labour & Employment.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The National Career Service has indeed been launched in a Mission Mode, but it is not specifically targeted at improving the employment opportunities for uneducated youth of the country. It is a comprehensive platform providing a wide array of employment and career related services to all citizens of India, aiming to bridge the gap between jobseekers and employers, candidates seeking training and career guidance, and agencies providing training and career counselling.

Mission Indradhanush was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, in December 2014.

Key Features of Mission Indradhanush: * Objective: To achieve full immunization coverage for all children up to two years of age and pregnant women. * Disease Coverage: It provides life-saving vaccines against several diseases, including Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles, Meningitis, and Hepatitis B. * Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI): Subsequent phases like IMI 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 were launched to further reach unvaccinated or partially vaccinated children in remote and high-priority districts.

Note: Do not confuse this with the 'Indradhanush Plan' for Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which is a separate framework for banking reforms.

Hence, option A is the correct answer.

The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) is a government-sponsored crop insurance scheme.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: Under this scheme, farmers have to pay a uniform premium of 2% for all Kharif crops, 1.5% for all Rabi crops, and 5% for commercial/horticultural crops. The premium rate is not uniform for all crops in all seasons.


Statement 2 is Correct: The scheme does cover post-harvest losses arising out of cyclones and unseasonal rains.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.