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Indian Monsoon

2 UPSC Prelims MCQs tagged "Indian Monsoon". Free practice with answer keys, explanations, and timed mock tests on Anantam IAS.

  1. With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting…

    With reference to 'Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)' sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. IOD phenomenon is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. 2. An IOD phenomenon can influence El Nino's impact on the monsoon. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: B

    Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical Western Indian Ocean and the tropical Eastern Indian Ocean. The comparison involving the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean refers to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, not the IOD.

    Statement 2 is Correct: The IOD can significantly influence the impact of El Niño on the Indian monsoon. A positive IOD often compensates for the deficit rainfall usually associated with El Niño, while a negative IOD can exacerbate the drought conditions caused by El Niño. These two climate patterns interact to determine the overall strength of the monsoon.

  2. With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct?…

    With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. OMT is measured up to a depth of 26°C isotherm which is 129 meters in the south-western Indian Ocean during January-March. 2. OMT collected during January-March can be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall in monsoon will be less or more than a certain long-term mean. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2 only
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: B

    Statement 1 is Incorrect: While OMT is measured up to the depth of the 26°C isotherm ($D_{26}$), this depth is approximately 59 meters in the south-western Indian Ocean during January-March, not 129 meters. Statement 2 is Correct: OMT is a more stable and reliable indicator of the upper ocean's heat content than Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Research by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) has shown that OMT data collected from January to March can be used to predict whether the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) will be above or below the long-term mean with greater accuracy than SST.