Multilateral Groupings

I. Austria - Not a NATO member (maintains neutrality).

II.Bulgaria - NATO member (joined in 2004).

III. Croatia - NATO member (joined in 2009).

IV.Serbia - Not a NATO member (participates in Partnership for Peace, but not a full member).

V. Sweden - NATO member (officially joined in March 2024).

VI. North Macedonia - NATO member (joined in 2020).

So, four of the listed countries are members of NATO: Bulgaria, Croatia, Sweden, and North Macedonia.

* Argentina - Worst economic crisis: Correct. Argentina has been facing a severe economic crisis for a while, marked by high inflation, debt, and poverty.

* Sudan - War between the country's regular army and paramilitary forces: Correct. Sudan has been engulfed in a violent conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.

* Turkey - Rescinded its membership of NATO: Incorrect. Turkey has not rescinded its membership of NATO. While there have been tensions between Turkey and other NATO members, it remains a member.


_Therefore, only two out of the three pairs are correctly matched._

* Both statements about the G-20 are correct

* Statement 1 is correct: The G-20 originated as a forum for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to address global economic and financial issues. It has since expanded its focus to other areas of international cooperation.

* Statement 2 is correct: India, as the chair of the G-20 in 2023, prioritised digital public infrastructure as one of its key areas of focus. This included discussions on promoting responsible use of artificial intelligence, bridging the digital divide, and fostering inclusive growth through digitalization.

The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, and the European Union.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

Pair 1 is Correct: The Alma-Ata Declaration was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in September 1978 (6-12 September) in Kazakhstan, identifying primary health care as the key to attaining the goal of health for all.

Pair 2 is Incorrect: The Hague Convention (1980) focuses on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. Biological and chemical weapons are primarily regulated by the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).

Pair 3 is Correct: The Talanoa Dialogue is a process mandated by the UNFCCC to help countries implement and enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to address global climate change.

Pair 4 is Incorrect: The Under2 Coalition is a global community of state and regional governments committed to climate action in line with the Paris Agreement, aiming to keep global temperature rise well below 2°C.

Statement 1 (access to latest nuclear technology) is correct. This is a consequence of NSG membership. NSG members can trade nuclear materials, equipment, and technology for peaceful purposes. This access can be crucial for a country's nuclear energy program or medical isotope production.

Statement 2 (automatic NPT membership) is incorrect. Becoming an NSG member doesn't automatically qualify a country for NPT membership. NPT is a separate treaty focusing on nuclear non-proliferation, and membership has different requirements.

The correct answer is 1 only.

Statement 1 is Correct: The International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) serves as a vital forum for discussing global economic issues and providing guidance to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It brings together finance ministers, central bank governors, and other high-level officials from member countries to discuss challenges and opportunities facing the global economy. They also advise the IMF on its policy direction and work program.

Statement 2 is Correct: The World Bank, while a separate institution, collaborates closely with the IMF. While not a formal member of the IMFC, the World Bank typically participates as an observer in IMFC meetings. This allows for better coordination and exchange of information between the two institutions on matters of mutual interest, such as global economic stability and development.

Hence, option C is the correct answer.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The OPCW is an independent intergovernmental organization, not affiliated with a specific region like the European Union. It cooperates with various organizations, including NATO and WHO, on matters related to chemical weapons, but it's not directly under their purview

Statement 2 is Correct: The OPCW plays a crucial role in monitoring the chemical industry to prevent the proliferation of chemical weapons. This includes inspections of declared chemical facilities and verification of disarmament efforts.

Statement 3 is Correct: The OPCW offers assistance and protection to member states (Parties) facing threats from chemical weapons. This can involve providing training, equipment, and expertise to help countries enhance their chemical security measures.

Hence, option B is the correct answer.

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is an international, independent medical humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO).

- Origin: It was founded in 1971 in France by a group of doctors and journalists in the wake of the war and famine in Biafra, Nigeria. - Objective: To provide medical assistance to people affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or exclusion from healthcare, irrespective of race, religion, or political affiliation. - Key Recognition: MSF is known for its independence and impartiality and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999 for its pioneering humanitarian work on several continents.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) did not include all Pacific Rim countries. While it was signed by 12 nations (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and the United States), many other Pacific Rim countries such as South Korea, Indonesia, Colombia, Thailand, and the Philippines were not part of the agreement.

Statement 2 is Incorrect: The TPP was a comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) aimed at lowering trade barriers, promoting economic integration, and establishing common standards for intellectual property, labor, and environmental protection. It was not a strategic alliance for maritime security.

Following the withdrawal of the United States in 2017, the remaining 11 members negotiated a new trade agreement known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).

Statement 1 is Correct: China is recognized as a Nuclear Weapon State (NWS) under the NPT, as it had manufactured and exploded a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device prior to January 1, 1967.

Statement 2 is Correct: France is recognized as a Nuclear Weapon State (NWS) under the NPT.

Statement 3 is Incorrect: India is not a signatory to the NPT and is not recognized as a Nuclear Weapon State under the treaty, despite possessing nuclear weapons.

Statement 4 is Incorrect: Israel has never signed the NPT and is not recognized as a Nuclear Weapon State under the treaty.

Statement 5 is Incorrect: Pakistan is not a signatory to the NPT and is not recognized as a Nuclear Weapon State under the treaty.

Under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), only five states are recognized as Nuclear Weapon States: the United States, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, France, and China. These five states also happen to be the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (P5).

The terms 'Agreement on Agriculture', 'Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures', and 'Peace Clause' all appear in the context of the affairs of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Agreement on Agriculture: This agreement regulates trade in agricultural products among WTO member countries. It aims to promote fair trade practices and reduce distortions caused by subsidies and other measures.

Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement): This agreement sets out rules for countries to ensure the safety and quality of food, animals, and plants traded internationally. It helps to prevent the spread of pests and diseases while minimizing unnecessary barriers to trade.

Peace Clause: This provision within the Agreement on Agriculture provides some flexibility for developing countries regarding their agricultural subsidy programs. It allows them to offer certain subsidies to their farmers without facing challenges from other WTO members.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: The International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulates seabed mining in international waters. The Global Ocean Commission was a 2013-2016 international initiative of leaders aiming to reverse ocean degradation, focusing on the high seas.

Statement 2 is Correct: Like other countries, India can apply for and receive exploration licenses from the ISA for areas beyond national jurisdictions. Since 2014, India has obtained licences from the International Sea Bed Authority for seabed mineral exploration in international waters.

Statement 3 is Correct: Rare earth minerals are among the potential resources found on the seabed in international waters, although their commercial viability is still being explored.

Therefore, the correct statements are 2 and 3 only.

The trade facilitation decision is a multilateral deal to simplify customs procedures by reducing costs and improving their speed and efficiency.

Statement 1 is correct. India has ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) of the WTO. This signifies India's official acceptance and implementation of the agreement's provisions.

Statement 2 is correct. The TFA is indeed a part of the WTO's Bali Ministerial Package of 2013. This package refers to a collection of agreements reached during the Ninth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization in Bali, Indonesia. The TFA was a landmark achievement within this package.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) came into force in February 2017, not January 2016. It required ratification by two-thirds of WTO members before taking effect.

Statement 1 is correct. AIIB has more than 80 member nations. (Actually, as of April 2024, it has 109 members).

Statement 2 is incorrect. India is not the largest shareholder in AIIB. China is the largest shareholder.

Statement 3 is incorrect. While the focus is on Asia, several non-Asian countries are members, including some European and South American nations.


Statement 1 is correct. The G20 Common Framework is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club. It was created in November 2020 to help Low Income Countries (LICs) facing unsustainable debt burdens.

Statement 2 is correct. The G20 Common Framework specifically targets Low Income Countries with unsustainable debt. It provides a mechanism for these countries to restructure their debts in a coordinated manner with participation from various creditors, including official bilateral creditors, private creditors, and multilateral institutions.

Hence, both statements about the G20 Common Framework are correct.