Study Notes

Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.

3454 articles

The granite facade of Vidhana Soudha in Bengaluru, with a central dome, columned portico and an Indian flag against a cloudy sky.

15 Sep 2026General Studies, Governance, GS I, GS II, Indian Polity, Post-Independence India

Dhar Commission: JVP Committee, Fazl Ali Report and Linguistic States

Dhar Commission explained: what the Dhar inquiry, the JVP Committee and the Fazl Ali Commission recommended, and how the 1956 map of states followed.

Tiled-roof village school buildings with ochre walls and a covered veranda face a paved courtyard, with a large tree behind.

15 Sep 2026Education, General Studies, GS II, Reports and Indices, Social Justice

ASER Report: How Pratham’s Survey Tests Learning, Findings and Criticisms

ASER Report explained: what Pratham's household survey tests, what ASER 2024 found and why its numbers differ from NAS and PARAKH.

Flat-decked carriers and a long line of warships sail in formation across a gray sea under an overcast sky.

15 Sep 2026Bilateral and Regional Groupings, General Studies, GS III, Internal Security, International Relations

Exercise MILAN: Port Blair Origins, Visakhapatnam Scale and Why It Matters

Exercise MILAN explained: how the Indian Navy's multilateral exercise grew from Port Blair in 1995 to Visakhapatnam, and how it differs from Malabar.

Red AITUC flags line a landscaped road divider in Panaji, Goa, with a white church facade at the end of the street.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS I, GS III, Indian History, Modern Indian History, Pressure Groups and Civil Society

Trade Union Movement in India: AITUC, INTUC, the Splits and the Labour Codes

Trade Union Movement in India explained: how AITUC began in 1920, why INTUC broke away in 1947, the later central unions and how the…

A white Prithvi missile with orange stripe markings stands upright on outdoor display, framed by leafy trees and a clear blue sky.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS III, Internal Security, Science & Tech

Prithvi Missile: IGMDP’s First Missile, Prithvi-II, Dhanush and the PAD

Prithvi missile explained: India's first IGMDP missile, its three variants and official ranges, the Strategic Forces Command and the Prithvi Air Defence interceptor.

The Sun seen in extreme ultraviolet light, glowing gold with bright active regions and looping plasma along its edge on a black background.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, Geography, GS I, Physical Geography, Science & Tech

Structure of the Sun: Core to Corona, Sunspots and the Coronal Heating Puzzle

Structure of the Sun explained: fusion in the core, a 100 km photosphere, a corona above 1 million degrees and a solar cycle that…

The Statue of Unity rises above calm river water in Gujarat, with hazy hills behind and a long walkway leading to its base.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS I, Indian History, Modern Indian History, Post-Independence India

Integration of Princely States: Accession, Merger and the Three Hard Cases

Integration of princely states explained: how Patel and V. P. Menon moved from accession in 1947 to merger, Part B states and the end…

A farmer in a checked shirt and head cloth sits beside a sack in a hazy, dry field, seen from behind.

14 Sep 2026Agriculture, General Studies, GS III, Indian Economy, Reports and Indices, Social Justice

Farmer Suicides in India: NCRB Data, Causes and the Policy Response

Farmer Suicides in India explained: what the NCRB counts, why labourers now outnumber cultivators, what drives the distress and what policy has tried.

A black calculator and a silver pen rest on a sheet of handwritten figures on a wooden desk.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS III, Indian Economy, Reports and Indices

Tax Buoyancy: The Formula, India’s Numbers and Why It Swings

Tax buoyancy explained: the formula, a worked example, how it differs from tax elasticity, India's official figures and why rate cuts and inflation move…

The blue ASEAN flag and the red and blue flag of Cambodia fly on tall poles against a cloudy sky.

14 Sep 2026Bilateral and Regional Groupings, General Studies, GS II, International Relations, Reports and Indices

Asia Power Index: Lowy Institute’s 8 Measures, Power Tiers and India’s Rank

Asia Power Index explained: the Lowy Institute's 8 measures, its power tiers and power gap, and how India crossed 40 points to regain major…

A tall red obelisk rises behind a dark stairway and memorial panels at the Khalanga War Memorial, framed by tall trees.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS I, India and Neighbourhood, Indian History, Modern Indian History

Treaty of Sugauli: Anglo-Nepal War, Lands Ceded and the Kali River Boundary

Treaty of Sugauli explained: the Anglo-Nepal War of 1814-16, the nine articles signed in December 1815 and ratified in March 1816, and the Kali…

Rows of colorful potato chip packets stacked tightly on supermarket shelves, filling the frame from top to bottom.

14 Sep 2026General Studies, GS III, Indian Economy, Reports and Indices

Shrinkflation: Hidden Price Rises, Unit Sale Price and How CPI Counts It

Shrinkflation explained: meaning, the maths of a smaller pack, how BLS, ONS and MoSPI measure it, India's unit sale price rule and skimpflation.