Preamble of the Constitution

* The correct answer is D. a part of the Constitution but has no legal effect independently of other parts.

* The Preamble of the Indian Constitution sets out the guiding principles and objectives of the document. While it is an integral part of the Constitution (Kesavananda Bharati case), it cannot be directly enforced in a court of law.

* The Supreme Court of India has clarified that the Preamble can be used to interpret ambiguous provisions within the Constitution, but cannot be used to strike down laws as unconstitutional on its own. It serves as a guiding light for understanding the spirit and intent of the Constitution.

* Liberty is a fundamental concept in political philosophy and governance, ensuring that individuals have the freedom to act, think, and express themselves without undue restrictions while maintaining societal order. However, liberty does not mean absolute freedom but rather a balanced framework that allows personal development within the limits of law and respect for others' rights.

* Protection against tyranny: While democratic institutions and laws protect individuals from oppression, liberty is not just about protection from tyranny; it also involves active freedom to pursue one's potential.

* Absence of restraint: Absolute freedom can lead to anarchy and the violation of others' rights. Laws and regulations ensure that individual liberties do not infringe on the rights of others.

* Opportunity to do whatever one likes: True liberty is not unrestricted freedom but freedom within legal and moral constraints. If everyone had complete freedom, conflicts would arise due to overlapping interests and lack of accountability.

* Opportunity to develop oneself fully: This definition captures the essence of liberty in a polity. It implies the freedom to make choices, pursue goals, and express oneself without undue restrictions. This allows individuals to reach their full potential and contribute to society.

The Preamble of the Indian Constitution guarantees justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity, but economic liberty is not explicitly mentioned. It specifically ensures liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship, but does not directly state economic freedom.

However, various constitutional provisions, such as those related to Fundamental Rights (Part III) and Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV), promote economic activities and social justice, indirectly contributing to economic freedom. Yet, since economic liberty is not explicitly stated in the Preamble, it is not one of the guaranteed liberties under it.

The provision "To uphold and protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India" is found in Article 51A(c) of the Indian Constitution.

It is part of the Fundamental Duties added to the Constitution in 1976. These duties are the moral obligations of every citizen to promote the well-being of the nation.

The objective of 'Economic Justice' is explicitly enshrined in both the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

1. The Preamble: It aims to secure to all citizens of India Justice in three distinct forms: Social, Economic, and Political. Economic justice implies the elimination of inequalities in wealth, income, and property.

2. Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): - Article 38: Directs the State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people, specifically mentioning the need to strive for a social order permeated by social, economic, and political justice. - Article 39: Further reinforces economic justice by directing the State to ensure that citizens have an adequate means of livelihood and that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth.

Note on Fundamental Rights: While Fundamental Rights (Part III) ensure political and civil justice (like equality before the law), the specific mandate for 'Economic Justice' is primarily found in the Preamble and the DPSP.