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Tectonics

3 UPSC Prelims MCQs tagged "Tectonics". Free practice with answer keys, explanations, and timed mock tests on Anantam IAS.

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  1. Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift? I.…

    Which of the following are the evidences of the phenomenon of continental drift? I. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil coast matches with those from Western Africa. II. The gold deposits of Ghana are derived from the Brazil plateau when the two continents lay side by side. III. The Gondwana system of sediments from India is known to have its counterparts in six different landmasses of the Southern Hemisphere. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. AI and III only
    2. BI and II only
    3. CI, II and III
    4. DII and III only
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: C

    Statement I is correct: Geological matching (Jigsaw Fit) shows that the 2,000-million-year-old belt of ancient rocks from the Brazilian coast matches those from Western Africa. This suggests the two continents were once joined.

    Statement II is correct: This refers to "Placer Deposits." Ghana possesses rich placer deposits of gold despite having no known source rock (mother lode) in the region. The gold-bearing veins are actually located in Brazil, proving the continents were once side-by-side.

    Statement III is correct: The Gondwana system of glacial tillite sediments found in India has identical counterparts in six different landmasses: Africa, the Falkland Islands, Madagascar, Antarctica, Australia, and South America. This provides powerful evidence of a shared climatic and geological history.

    Correct Answer: All three statements are correct.

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    Geography UPSC 2025 Easy

  2. Consider the following statements: 1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than…

    Consider the following statements: 1. In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves. 2. In P waves, the individual particles vibrate to and fro in the direction of wave propagation whereas in S waves, the particles vibrate up and down at right angles to the direction of wave propagation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: C

    Statement 1 is correct: In a seismograph, P waves are recorded earlier than S waves. This is true because P waves, also known as Primary waves, are the first to be recorded by a seismograph during an earthquake. They are faster and hence, reach the recording instrument before the S waves.

    Statement 2 is correct: P waves are longitudinal or compressional waves, which means the particles in these waves vibrate in the same direction as the wave propagation. On the other hand, S waves, or Secondary waves, are transverse waves, where the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Therefore, both statements are correct.

    ![Seismic Waves](https://d39jluplm5thpx.cloudfront.net//Seismic_Wave_a4aecb1b6e.jpg)

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    Geography UPSC 2023 Easy

  3. Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms? 1. Continental…

    Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms? 1. Continental drift 2. Glacial cycles Select the correct answer using the code given below.

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2.
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: C

    Continental drift: The movement of continents over millions of years has led to changes in the distribution of landmasses, altering habitats and creating opportunities for species to migrate, adapt, and diversify. It has influenced speciation events by creating barriers to gene flow and promoting allopatric speciation.

    Glacial cycles: Fluctuations in global climate associated with glacial-interglacial cycles have had profound effects on ecosystems and species distributions. Periods of glaciation have resulted in the expansion and contraction of ice sheets, leading to changes in sea levels, habitats, and the distribution of flora and fauna. These environmental changes have driven evolutionary processes such as adaptation, migration, and extinction.

    Therefore, both continental drift and glacial cycles have played significant roles in shaping the evolution of organisms.

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    Geography UPSC 2014 Easy