PM Kisan Samman Nidhi: ₹6,000 Income Support Scheme Explained
PM Kisan Samman Nidhi explained — ₹6,000 yearly DBT to farmers, eligibility, exclusions, latest installment data, and delisting controversy. UPSC notes.
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Study Notes
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3454 articles
Repo Rate: How RBI’s Policy Rate Steers India’s Economy
The repo rate is the single most powerful number in Indian monetary policy. It is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of…
Wholesale Price Index (WPI) in India: Base Year 2022-23, Weights, and Use as Deflator
The base year of India's Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was revised to 2022–23 (2022–23 = 100) with effect from 15 June 2026, replacing the…
MGNREGA 2005: Provisions, Wages, Works and Recent Issues
MGNREGA 2005 explained for UPSC — 100 days of guaranteed wage employment, social audit, demand-driven design, latest budget, ABPS payment, and impact studies.
Monetary Policy Committee (MPC): India’s Inflation-Targeting Brain
The Monetary Policy Committee is the six-person body that decides India's policy interest rate. It is the most consequential institutional reform in the history…
Consumer Price Index (CPI) in India: Base Year, Weights, and RBI Inflation Target
The Consumer Price Index is the most closely watched price gauge in India because it sits at the centre of every monetary policy decision…
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): RBI’s Quantitative Liquidity Lever
The cash reserve ratio is the fraction of every rupee of deposits that an Indian bank must keep, in cash, with the Reserve Bank…
Balance of Payments in India: Current Account, Capital Account, and CAD Ratios 2025-26
The Balance of Payments is the systematic record of every economic transaction between residents of India and the rest of the world during a…
Morley-Minto Reforms 1909: Indian Councils Act & Separate Electorates
Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 (Indian Councils Act 1909) introduced separate electorates for Muslims, expanded legislative councils and seeded communal politics in colonial India. UPSC Polity…
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919: Dyarchy, Bicameralism & Simon Promise
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919 (Government of India Act 1919) introduced dyarchy in provinces, bicameralism at centre and the statutory Simon Commission promise. UPSC Polity notes.
Permanent Settlement 1793: Cornwallis, Zamindars and the Bengal Revenue Experiment
The Permanent Settlement of 1793 fixed land revenue in perpetuity on Bengal, Bihar and Orissa zamindars under Lord Cornwallis. UPSC notes on the Sun-set…
National Education Policy 2020: Structure, Reforms and UPSC Notes
NEP 2020 explained for UPSC: 5+3+3+4 school structure, foundational literacy, ECCE, multilingualism, four-year UG, HECI, GER 50% target, vocational education and critique.