Raja Raja Chola I: The Emperor Who Built Brihadeeswara and a Bay of Bengal Empire
Raja Raja Chola I ruled 985-1014 CE, defeated the Pandyas, Cheras and Sri Lanka, built the Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur and laid the foundation…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara: The Tuluva King Who Built Hampi’s Golden Age
Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara (1509-1529) was the Tuluva dynasty's greatest ruler. His reign, campaigns, Hampi monuments, and Aamuktamalyada for UPSC.
Centre Raises Import Duty on Gold and Silver
Why in News? The Union government has raised the import duty burden on gold and silver. The effective customs duty structure has moved from…
Transformer Cooling Methods Explained: Why Some Work, Some Don’t, and Why It Matters in an Indian Summer
A clear, UPSC-friendly explainer on transformer cooling — the 4-letter IEC codes (ONAN/ONAF/OFAF/ODAF), the physics behind oil and air cooling, and why Indian summers…
Liquid Nano Clay (LNC): The Nanotechnology That Turns Sand Into Farmland in Seven Hours
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Liquid Nano Clay. Covers the Desert Control technology, how clay nanoparticles bind sand particles, water and fertiliser savings,…
Lab-Grown Meat: Cultured Meat Production, Regulation, and the India Context
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on lab-grown cultured meat. Covers the cellular agriculture process, scaffolds and bioreactors, the Singapore, US, and EU regulatory landscape,…
Metagenomics: How DNA From a Spoon of Soil Reveals an Entire Microbial World
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on metagenomics. Covers the sequencing pipeline, 16S rRNA vs shotgun metagenomics, applications in human gut microbiome, AMR surveillance, environmental…
Fighter Jets of India: Su-30MKI, Rafale, Tejas, MiG-29, Mirage 2000, Jaguar
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on the fighter jets of the Indian Air Force and Navy. Covers the Su-30MKI, Rafale, Tejas Mk1A, MiG-29UPG, Mirage…
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI): How Neural Implants Read Thoughts and What’s Next
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Brain-Computer Interfaces. Covers invasive, non-invasive and partially invasive BCIs, EEG, ECoG, Neuralink and BrainGate, medical applications, ethics, India's…
Xenobots (Living Robots): Frog Stem-Cell Bio-Bots, Self-Replication, and the Ethics of Programmable Life
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Xenobots, the world's first living robots. Covers African Clawed Frog stem-cell origin, computer-designed body plans, self-healing and kinematic…
TRISHNA Mission: Indo-French Thermal Infrared Satellite for Water, Crops, and Climate
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on the TRISHNA mission. Covers the Indo-French thermal infrared satellite, its TIR and VNIR-SWIR payloads, the Sun-synchronous orbit, applications…
SpaDeX Space Docking Experiment: How ISRO Joined the Docking Club and Why It Matters
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on ISRO's SpaDeX mission. Covers the twin-satellite design, autonomous rendezvous and docking sequence, the Bharatiya Docking System, the strategic…