Merger of Public Sector Banks: 27 to 12 Consolidation Explained
Merger of Public Sector Banks explained for UPSC: phased consolidation from 27 to 12 PSBs between 2017 and 2020, the anchor banks, rationale, outcomes,…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Fiscal Deficit in India: Formula, FRBM Act, and Trends Explained
Fiscal deficit in India explained for UPSC: formula, FRBM Act 2003 targets, FY18-FY27 trend, revenue vs primary vs fiscal deficit, and deficit financing implications.
Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros: India’s Flagship Conservation Success, Kaziranga, and the Road from Near-Extinction
The Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is India's flagship conservation success. Here's the full picture: range across Kaziranga, Jaldapara, Manas, IUCN status, the 2026…
Rani Velu Nachiyar: The First Indian Queen Who Defeated the British in Battle
Rani Velu Nachiyar of Sivagangai (1730-1796) was the first Indian queen to wage war against the British East India Company. UPSC notes on her…
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant: India’s Largest Nuclear Station, the VVER Reactors, and the Russia Partnership
The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is India's largest nuclear station with six VVER-1000 reactors planned in Tamil Nadu. Here's the full picture: the Russia…
Kittur Rani Chennamma: The 1824 Karnataka Revolt That Predated the Doctrine of Lapse
Kittur Rani Chennamma (1778-1829) led the 1824 Karnataka rebellion against the British, decades before the Doctrine of Lapse was formally announced. UPSC analysis of…
Satpura Mountain Range: The Block Mountain Wall Between Narmada and Tapi
Satpura Mountain Range is a block mountain system across MP, Maharashtra, Gujarat. Separates Narmada and Tapi valleys. Peaks, sub-ranges, geology, UPSC notes.
Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004: The Sumatra Earthquake, India’s Coastal Devastation, and the Warning System That Followed
The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 killed over 230,000 people across fourteen countries and reshaped India's disaster management. Here's the full picture: the Sumatra quake,…
Chauri Chaura Incident 1922: The Day Gandhi Stopped the Non-Cooperation Movement
On 4 February 1922 a crowd at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur burned down a police station, killing 22 policemen. Within eight days Gandhi suspended…
Classical Languages of India: All 11 Recognised Tongues After the 2024 Expansion
Classical languages of India now number eleven after the October 2024 Cabinet decision. Criteria, full list, funding implications, and UPSC pointers.
Muhammad Ghori and the Battles of Tarain: How Delhi Sultanate Was Founded by a Slave
Muhammad Ghori lost Tarain I in 1191 to Prithviraj Chauhan and won Tarain II in 1192. His slave Qutbuddin Aibak founded the Delhi Sultanate.…
Battles of Panipat: The Three Wars That Shaped Medieval India (1526, 1556, 1761)
The three Battles of Panipat decided the fate of the Delhi Sultanate, restored the Mughal Empire, and broke Maratha power in North India. UPSC…