Directive Principles of State Policy

Each of these constitutional provisions is accurately linked to its correct part within the Constitution of India.

Pair I: Directive Principles of State Policy – Correct * Article 50 mandates the separation of the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

Pair II: Fundamental Duties – Correct * Article 51A(f) states that citizens must value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

Pair III: Fundamental Rights – Correct * Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 years in hazardous work such as factories or mines.

Statement 1 is correct: The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in Part IV of the Indian Constitution outline the ideals that the government should strive to achieve for its citizens. These principles encompass social justice, economic justice, and political justice, forming the foundation for a socio-economic democracy.

Statement 2 is correct: The DPSPs are not justiciable, meaning they cannot be directly enforced by courts if violated. However, they serve as guidelines for the government in making laws and policies and can be used by the judiciary while interpreting other laws.

The concentration of wealth violates the Directive principles of state policy.

Under Article 39 of the Constitution of India, the State shall direct its policy towards ensuring that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment. It is a key part of ensuring economic justice for all.

Statement 1 is incorrect and Statement 2 is correct: According to Article 37, the provisions contained in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) shall not be enforceable by any court. Unlike Fundamental Rights (Part III), they are non-justiciable.

Statement 3 is correct: Article 37 also mandates that these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country, and it is the duty of the State to apply these principles when making laws. They serve as a guide for establishing social and economic democracy.

* Gandhism envisions a decentralized, self-governing society grounded in principles of cooperation and non-violence. This vision is often referred to as Ramarajya, which represents an ideal state of harmony, justice, and community welfare. In this ideal society, government intervention would be minimal, and local communities would play a significant role in decision-making and managing their own affairs. The focus would be on mutual support and sustainable living, where social and economic activities are guided by ethical and spiritual values rather than power and authority.

* Marxism, on the other hand, advocates for the creation of a classless, communist society. In this vision, the state eventually "withers away" as social and economic inequalities disappear. With the abolition of private property and class distinctions, the need for a formal government structure would no longer exist. Marxism envisions a society where people govern themselves collectively, without the need for state control or coercive institutions.

* Though these ideologies differ in their methods and underlying principles, Gandhism focusing on moral and community-based governance and Marxism focusing on economic and class struggle, both ultimately aim for a future society free from the traditional structures of the state, where governance is decentralized and rooted in the well-being of the people.

Hence, the correct answer is option A. The Final Goal of a Stateless Society.

Article 38(1) of the Indian Constitution mandates that the State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which justice (social, economic, and political) forms the foundation of all institutions in the nation. This article emphasizes the importance of creating a system where justice is not just theoretical but embedded in every aspect of national life, influencing policies, governance, and society as a whole.

This provision is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which are guidelines for the State to follow in establishing a just society.

Statement 1 is Incorrect: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are positive instructions and fundamental principles for governance rather than legal limitations or prohibitions on the legislative powers of the State. Statement 2 is Incorrect: DPSPs are non-justiciable under Article 37, meaning they do not act as constitutional limitations on executive functions; instead, they serve as guiding goals for the executive to achieve through policy-making and administration.

* Article 43A of the Indian Constitution pertains to the "Participation of workers in the management of industries" and is a part of Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

* It was added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976 to promote industrial democracy by ensuring that workers have a role in decision-making within industries.

* This provision aligns with the broader goal of economic justice and socialistic principles, as envisioned in the Directive Principles, by advocating for worker participation in industrial management.

* Thus, Article 43A emphasizes the importance of participatory management in industries to promote industrial harmony and economic democracy.

The idea of a "Welfare State" in the Indian Constitution is enshrined in its Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).

The DPSP, outlined in Part IV of the Constitution, are a set of guidelines for the government to achieve social and economic justice. These principles, though not enforceable by courts, provide a framework for the government to strive towards goals like: - Securing and protecting a social order for the welfare of the people (Article 38). - Providing adequate means of livelihood for all citizens (Article 39). - Promoting equal justice and opportunity (Article 39). - Developing the village panchayats (Article 40). -Providing free and compulsory education for all children (Article 45). - Improving public health (Article 47).

By outlining these principles, the Constitution emphasizes the government's responsibility for promoting the social and economic well-being of its citizens, reflecting the ideals of a welfare state.

Directive Principles of State Policy Article 51. Promotion of international peace and security.

The State shall endeavour to -

- promote international peace and security; - maintain just and honourable relations between nations; - foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another; - encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

Article 37 The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.

As article 37 is part of DPSP, thus correct answer is 'C'.