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Emergence of Gandhiji in National Movement

3 UPSC Prelims MCQs tagged "Emergence of Gandhiji in National Movement". Free practice with answer keys, explanations, and timed mock tests on Anantam IAS.

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  1. With reference to the British colonial rule in India, consider the following statements: 1.…

    With reference to the British colonial rule in India, consider the following statements: 1. Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in the abolition of the system of 'indentured labour'. 2. In Lord Chelmsford's 'War Conference', Mahatma Gandhi did not support the resolution on recruiting Indians for World War. 3. Consequent upon the breaking of Salt Law by Indian people, the Indian National Congress was declared illegal by the colonial rulers. Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. A1 and 2 only
    2. B1 and 3 only
    3. C2 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: B

    Statement 1 is correct: Mahatma Gandhi actively campaigned against the exploitative system of indentured labour, particularly during his time in South Africa. He recognized the hardships faced by indentured labourers and advocated for their rights.

    Statement 2 is incorrect: During World War I, Gandhi supported the resolution for recruiting Indians for the British war effort. He believed this would demonstrate Indian loyalty to the Empire and potentially lead to greater political concessions after the war. This position was controversial within the Indian independence movement.

    Statement 3 is correct: The Salt Satyagraha, led by Gandhi in 1930, involved the deliberate breaking of the British salt laws as a form of protest. In response to this non-violent civil disobedience movement, the British government declared the Indian National Congress illegal.

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    History UPSC 2019 Medium

  2. Which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the Champaran Satyagraha?

    Which one of the following is a very significant aspect of the Champaran Satyagraha?

    1. AActive all-India participation of lawyers, students and women in the National Movement
    2. BActive involvement of Dalit and Tribal communities of India in the National Movement
    3. CJoining of peasant unrest to India's National Movement
    4. DDrastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: C

    The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first experiment with Satyagraha in India. It was launched to address the grievances of peasants in Bihar who were forced by European planters under the 'Tinkathia system' to cultivate indigo on 3/20th of their land. The most significant aspect of this movement was the joining of peasant unrest to the Indian National Movement. This marked a fundamental shift in the struggle for independence, transitioning it from an urban, middle-class intellectual movement to a mass-based movement that included the rural peasantry. While the movement was localized, its success provided Gandhi with a national platform and demonstrated the efficacy of non-violent resistance.

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    History UPSC 2018 Easy

  3. The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined –

    The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined -

    1. Athe separation of power between the judiciary and the legislature
    2. Bthe jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments
    3. Cthe powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy
    4. DNone of the above
    Answer and explanation

    Correct answer: B

    The Government of India Act of 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) relaxed central control over the provinces by demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects, thereby clearly defining the jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments. While the central and provincial legislatures were authorized to make laws on their respective list of subjects, the structure of government continued to remain unitary and centralized. Additionally, the Act introduced 'Dyarchy' at the provincial level by further dividing provincial subjects into two parts: Transferred subjects (administered by the Governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative Council) and Reserved subjects (administered by the Governor and his executive council without being responsible to the Legislative Council).

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    History UPSC 2015 Easy