Judiciary

The judiciary appears across Prelims and General Studies Paper II — its structure, appointments, jurisdiction, and the constant negotiation between judicial independence and accountability. It is also where a great deal of current affairs eventually lands.
Questions here reward institutional precision and restraint. Which court, which jurisdiction, whether a ruling settled the law or opened a question, and what the counter-argument is. Judicial topics invite strong opinions, and answers that treat every verdict as either overreach or vindication read as partisan rather than analytical.
Court structure, the collegium debate, tribunals, pendency, judicial review and the landmark judgments are covered here.