Inclusive Digital Access and Article 21: The 2025 Supreme Court Ruling Explained
The Supreme Court's 2025 Amar Jain ruling reads inclusive digital access into Article 21. This guide unpacks the judgment, the RPwD Act linkage, the…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Epigenetics: How Lifestyle and Environment Switch Your Genes On and Off
Epigenetics for UPSC: how DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA control gene expression without changing DNA sequence, the 2024 Nobel Prize for microRNA discovery,…
Multilateral Export Control Regimes: NSG, MTCR, Wassenaar and Australia Group
Multilateral export control regimes for UPSC: Nuclear Suppliers Group, Missile Technology Control Regime, Wassenaar Arrangement and Australia Group, with India's membership status, the 2008…
mRNA Vaccines Explained: Mechanism, Nobel 2023 and India’s GEMKOVAC
mRNA vaccines for UPSC: how messenger RNA teaches cells to make a viral protein, the 2023 Nobel Prize for Karikó and Weissman, the difference…
Compulsory Licensing in India: Section 84, Section 92, TRIPS and the Bolar Exemption
Compulsory licensing explained for UPSC: how Section 84 and Section 92 of the Indian Patents Act allow generic production of patented medicines, the TRIPS…
Gravitational Waves: LIGO, NanoGrav, LIGO-India and the Multi-Messenger Era
Gravitational waves explained for UPSC: Einstein's prediction, LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA detection, pulsar timing arrays, LIGO-India in Hingoli, and India's role in multi-messenger astronomy.
Furlough vs Parole: Prisoner Rights, BNSS Section 473 and the Supreme Court’s Reformative Logic
Furlough vs parole in India explained: Prisons Act 1894, BNSS Section 473, Asfaq v. State of Rajasthan, State of Gujarat v. Narayan Sai, eligibility,…
President’s Rule in Manipur 2025: Article 356, S.R. Bommai Guidelines and the 11th Imposition
President's Rule in Manipur 2025 explained: Article 356 grounds, parliamentary approval, Bommai guidelines, Article 365, Article 355, and the 11th imposition record.
Central Information Commission and the Vacancy Crisis: RTI Act 2005, 2019 Amendment and the Anjali Bhardwaj Verdict
Central Information Commission explained: composition, appointment, RTI Amendment Act 2019, vacancy crisis, Anjali Bhardwaj v. Union of India and powers under the RTI Act…
Almatti Dam and Krishna River: Height Dispute, Reservoir, Inter-State Issues
Almatti Dam and Krishna River explained for UPSC: location, reservoir, height increase dispute, Krishna Water Tribunal awards, types of dams, and Telangana-Karnataka conflict.
Centre-State Clashes on Vice-Chancellor Appointments: UGC 2025 Draft, Governor as Chancellor and the Federalism Question
Vice-Chancellor appointments in India explained: UGC Draft Regulations 2025, Governor as Chancellor, Concurrent List Entry 25, Article 254, Gambhirdan K Gadhvi case and Sarkaria-Punchhi…
Zographetus mathewi: Rare Skipper Butterfly Rediscovered in Western Ghats
Zographetus mathewi explained for UPSC: rediscovery in Western Ghats after a century, taxonomy, habitat, conservation significance, and Indian state butterflies.