Science & Technology

Statement 1 is correct: The Zika virus is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is the same mosquito that transmits the dengue virus in tropical and subtropical regions.


Statement 2 is correct: While Zika virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites, the virus can also be transmitted from person to person through sexual contact.

Therefore, both the statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct. Bagasse: This fibrous residue left after sugarcane juice extraction is a valuable biomass fuel. It can be burned to generate electricity or heat, often powering the sugar mills themselves.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Synthetic Fertilizers: Molasses don't directly contribute to the production of synthetic chemical fertilizers. These fertilizers are typically manufactured using chemical processes involving elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Statement 3 is correct. Molasses: While molasses isn't directly used to produce synthetic fertilizers, it can be fermented to create ethanol, a biofuel. Ethanol can be used as a transportation fuel or blended with gasoline.

Thus, statements 1 & 3 are correct while statement 2 is wrong.

In India, the term "Public Key Infrastructure" (PKI) is used in the context of digital security infrastructure.

PKI is a system that facilitates secure electronic communication and transactions by using digital certificates, certificate authorities, and other related components. It plays a vital role in ensuring the authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity of data exchanged online.

* Cnidarians: Many cnidarian species, such as corals, develop symbiotic relationships with single-celled algae called zooxanthellae. This symbiosis is crucial for the survival and growth of coral reefs.

* Fungi: Fungi are known to form various symbiotic relationships with other organisms, including * Mycorrhizal associations with plant roots, where the fungus helps the plant absorb nutrients in exchange for carbohydrates. * Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria.

* Protozoa: Some protozoa living in the digestive tracts of termites and ruminant animals, helping them break down cellulose.

Therefore, all three groups - cnidarians, fungi, and protozoa - have species that can form symbiotic relationships with other organisms.

Statement 1 is Correct: NFTs enable the digital representation of physical assets through a process called tokenization. This allows real-world items such as real estate, physical artwork, or luxury goods to be represented by a digital token on a blockchain, facilitating easier transfer of ownership and reducing fraud.

Statement 2 is Correct: NFTs are unique cryptographic tokens that exist on a blockchain, which is a distributed ledger technology. Unlike cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which are fungible, each NFT has a unique identification code and metadata that distinguishes it from any other token.

Statement 3 is Incorrect: NFTs are "non-fungible," meaning they cannot be traded or exchanged at equivalency. Fungible assets, like fiat currency or Bitcoin, are identical to each other and can be used for commercial transactions. Because every NFT is unique and has a different value, they cannot function as a standard medium of exchange.

Statement 1 is correct. Sodium lamps emit light in a 360-degree pattern, while LED lamps are directional.

Statement 2 is incorrect. LED lamps generally have a longer lifespan compared to sodium lamps.

Statement 3 is correct. Sodium lamps emit monochromatic light, whereas LED lamps offer a wider spectrum of visible light, providing significant colour advantages in street lighting.

Statement 1 is Correct: Genetic engineering is fundamental to the development of recombinant vector vaccines. This process involves isolating the gene that codes for a specific antigen (a protein that triggers an immune response) from a pathogen and inserting it into the genetic material of a harmless carrier, known as a vector. Unlike recombinant protein vaccines (like Hepatitis B) where the antigen is produced in a lab, recombinant vector vaccines use the vector to deliver the genetic instructions directly into the human body.

Statement 2 is Correct: Both viruses and bacteria can serve as vectors in these vaccines. Viral vectors, such as Adenoviruses (used in the AstraZeneca/Covishield COVID-19 vaccine) or the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (used in Ebola vaccines), are common. Bacterial vectors, such as attenuated strains of Salmonella or Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), are also used in research and development to deliver antigens and stimulate a robust immune response.

Statement 1 is correct: Vitamin C deficiency causes Scurvy is right.

Statement 2 is correct: Vitamin D deficiency causes Rickets is right.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Vitamin E deficiency causes Night blindness is wrong. Vitamin A deficiency causes Night blindness.

All the given minerals have a role in the contraction of muscles in the human body.

Calcium: Calcium is essential for activating enzymes that cause muscle contraction.

Iron: Iron helps support continued muscle function by supporting energy production in your muscle cells so that muscle fibers always have the energy they need to contract properly. Iron also helps muscles store oxygen to fuel muscle contractions and promotes healthy circulation so that muscles can get additional oxygen from the bloodstream.

Sodium: One needs sodium for muscle contraction because it balances potassium to maintain membrane potential.

Among marine creatures, the sea cow and sea lion are mammals, while the sea horse is a fish.

1. Sea Cow: The sea cow, a herbivorous marine mammal, resides in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, growing to 3m and weighing around 600kg. Sadly, it's vulnerable due to habitat degradation and hunting.

2. Sea Horse: The sea horse, a carnivorous marine fish, is found in shallow tropical waters. It grows to 35cm, weighs around 200g, and is vulnerable due to habitat damage and fishing.

3. Sea Lion: The sea lion, a carnivorous marine mammal, breeds on Pacific beaches. It grows to 2.5m, weighs around 350kg, and is Endangered.