Towards Freedom and Partition

Mahatma Gandhi made the famous statement "Sedition has become my religion" during the Salt Satyagraha in 1930.

In his writings in *Young India* (specifically in March 1930) and his speeches surrounding the Dandi March, Gandhi articulated that when a government becomes exploitative and unjust—exemplified by the salt tax—non-violent defiance or "sedition" against such a regime becomes a moral and religious duty. He used this phrase to emphasize that his commitment to overthrowing British rule through non-violent civil disobedience was not just a political strategy but a spiritual necessity. While he had spoken about the "passion" for sedition during his 1922 trial, the specific declaration of it being his "religion" is most prominently associated with the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the violation of the Salt Law.

On 8th August 1942, the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the All India Congress Committee (AICC). This was a significant event in the Indian freedom struggle as it marked the launch of the Quit India Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, demanding an end to British Rule in India.

The other options are not related to this specific date. - The Viceroy's Executive council was indeed expanded to include more Indians, but this was part of the August Offer in 1940, not on 8th August 1942. - The Congress ministries did resign in seven provinces, but this happened in 1939, not in 1942. - Lastly, Cripps did propose an Indian Union with full Dominion Status, but this was part of the Cripps Mission, which also did not occur on 8th August 1942.

Therefore, the correct answer is that the Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICC on this date.


Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were senior officers of the Indian National Army (INA), also known as the Azad Hind Fauj. They are famously remembered for the Red Fort Trials (INA Trials) of 1945, where they were court-martialed by the British for 'waging war against the King-Emperor'. The trials triggered widespread nationalist demonstrations, and the Indian National Congress organized an INA Defence Committee comprising legal luminaries like Bhulabhai Desai, Tej Bahadur Sapru, and Jawaharlal Nehru to defend them.

Interim Government (1946) Portfolios: * Jawaharlal Nehru: Vice-President of the Executive Council, External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations * Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Home, Information and Broadcasting * Dr. Rajendra Prasad: Food and Agriculture * Dr. John Mathai: Industries and Supplies * Jagjivan Ram: Labour * Sardar Baldev Singh: Defence * Liaquat Ali Khan (Muslim League): Finance * C. Rajagopalachari: Education and Arts * Asaf Ali: Railways and Transport * Jogendra Nath Mandal (Muslim League): Law

Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly: It consisted of seven members: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Chairman), N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar, Dr. K.M. Munshi, Syed Mohammad Saadullah, N. Madhava Rau, and T.T. Krishnamachari.

Statement 1 is correct: The Cabinet Mission (1946) recommended the establishment of a federal government in India with a weak centre controlling only defence, foreign affairs, and communications, and the provinces grouped into sections with autonomy in other matters.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Mission did not propose any changes in the powers of Indian courts; its purpose was to plan the constitutional framework for transfer of power, not judicial reforms.

Statement 3 is incorrect: The Mission made no recommendation regarding the Indian Civil Services (ICS) or increasing Indian participation in it.

Boundary Commission, the consultative committee created in July 1947 to recommend how the Punjab and Bengal regions of the Indian subcontinent were to be divided between India and Pakistan shortly before each was to become independent from Britain.

The commission appointed by Lord Mountbatten, the final viceroy of British India, consisted of: - Four members from the Indian National Congress. - Four from the Muslim League. - It was chaired by Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

The Constituent Assembly of India was partially elected to write the Constitution of India. Following India's independence from Great Britain in 1947, its members served as the nation's first Parliament.

The members of the Constituent Assembly were elected by the provincial assemblies by a single, transferable vote system of proportional representation.

* Bharatiya Jana Sangh | Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee: This is correctly matched. Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was the founder and first president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), the forerunner of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

* Socialist Party | C. Rajagopalachari: This is incorrect. C. Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party, advocating free-market principles. The Socialist Party was established in the year 1934 and had leaders like Acharya Narendra Dev, Jayaprakash Narayan, Yusuf Mehrali, Mino Masani, Acchut Patwardhan and Ashok Mehta.

* Congress for Democracy | Jagjivan Ram: This is correctly matched. Congress for Democracy (CFD) was a political party founded by Jagjivan Ram in 1977 after breaking away from the Indian National Congress. It was a short-lived party, formed during the Emergency to oppose Indira Gandhi's regime. It later merged with the Janata Party.

* Swatantra Party | Acharya Narendra Dev: This is incorrect. The Swatantra Party was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in 1959, advocating for free-market economic policies and opposing the socialist policies of the Congress. Acharya Narendra Dev was associated with the Socialist Party and is regarded as one of its key leaders.

Therefore, only two pairs are correctly matched. Hence, the answer is B.