Bharatiya Antariksh Station: India’s Indigenous Space Station Programme Explained
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), India's first indigenous modular space station planned for the 2030s. Covers ISRO's phased…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Sustainable Development Report (SDR): India’s Rank, SDGs, UPSC Notes
The Sustainable Development Report 2026 by the UN SDSN ranks India 94th out of 167 countries, its highest ever. Full UPSC guide on the…
BHASHINI: India’s AI-Powered Multilingual Language Stack and the Bhasha Interface for a Billion Speakers
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on BHASHINI, India's AI-powered multilingual language platform built as Digital Public Infrastructure. Covers the National Language Translation Mission, the…
Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve: India’s High-Altitude UNESCO Wilderness
Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in Himachal Pradesh's Lahaul and Spiti is India's newest UNESCO MAB site (2025). Snow leopard habitat, Pin Valley NP, full…
Nagarhole National Park: Tigers, Tribes, and the Heart of the Nilgiris
Nagarhole National Park in Karnataka is a tiger reserve, UNESCO World Heritage zone, and Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve core. Full UPSC guide with location, species,…
RECLAIM Framework: India’s Just Transition Plan for Closed Coal Mines
RECLAIM is the Ministry of Coal's 2025 framework for socially just, environmentally restorative mine closure. Learn its pillars, partners, and UPSC relevance.
Carbon Nanotubes vs Graphene: How Two Forms of Carbon Are Reshaping Materials Science
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on carbon nanotubes and graphene. Covers the structural difference between the 2D graphene sheet and the 1D carbon nanotube,…
SIPRI on India: Defence Spending, Arms Imports, and the Numbers Behind the Strategic Picture
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on the latest SIPRI data for India. Covers world military spending of US$ 2,887 billion in 2025, India as…
Dark Fibre Explained: The Unlit Backbone Powering 5G, BharatNet, and India’s Data Future
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on dark fibre. Covers the difference between lit and dark fibre, the user-controlled bandwidth model, the role of dark…
Digital Public Infrastructure and India Stack: How Open Rails Rewrote a Trillion-Dollar Economy
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Digital Public Infrastructure and India Stack. Covers the identity layer through Aadhaar, the payments layer through UPI and…
ITER Project: The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and India’s Role in Fusion’s Biggest Bet
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on the ITER project, the world's largest tokamak under construction at Cadarache, France. Covers the seven international partners, the…
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981: Provisions, Powers, UPSC
The Air Act, 1981 is India's central air pollution law, born of the 1972 Stockholm Conference. Full UPSC guide on objectives, powers of CPCB…