9th Schedule of Indian Constitution — Article 31B, Judicial Review & IR Coelho Case
UPSC guide to the 9th Schedule of the Indian Constitution — 1st Amendment 1951, Article 31B, Kesavananda Bharati, IR Coelho verdict, entries, and controversies.
Category
Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Windfall Tax — Definition, India’s Crude Oil Levy & UPSC Economy Guide
Complete UPSC guide to windfall tax — definition, how it works, India's windfall tax on crude oil since July 2022, global examples, and economic…
Wildlife Sanctuary in India — Legal Framework, Major Sanctuaries & UPSC Guide
Complete guide to wildlife sanctuaries in India under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, differences from national parks, major sanctuaries by state, and IUCN categories.
Vembanad Lake: India’s Longest Lake, Kuttanad Backwaters, and Ramsar Wetland
Vembanad Lake in Kerala is the longest lake in India at 96 km, the heart of the Kuttanad below-sea-level farming system, a Ramsar site…
Thermal Pollution — Causes, Effects on Aquatic Life & UPSC Environment Guide
Complete UPSC guide to thermal pollution — definition, causes from power plants and industries, effects on dissolved oxygen and aquatic ecosystems, remedies, and laws.
Special Marriage Act 1954 — Provisions, Procedure & UPSC Significance
Detailed guide to the Special Marriage Act 1954 covering conditions, 30-day notice, interfaith marriages, Supreme Court cases, and comparison with personal law marriages.
Soil Profile — Horizons, Formation Factors & Soil Types of India
Comprehensive UPSC guide to soil profile horizons (O, A, B, C, R), CLORPT formation factors, major Indian soil types, and conservation methods.
Shubhanshu Shukla Space Mission — India’s First ISS Astronaut & Axiom-4 UPSC Guide
Guide to Shubhanshu Shukla's Axiom-4 mission to the ISS, his background, India-US space cooperation, Gaganyaan link, and significance for UPSC Science & Tech.
Satavahana Dynasty — Rulers, Administration, and UPSC Guide
Complete UPSC guide to the Satavahana dynasty — founders, major rulers like Gautamiputra Satakarni, Deccan trade, Amaravati stupa, administration, coinage, and decline.
Sahitya Akademi Award — Selection Process, Languages & UPSC Guide
Comprehensive guide to the Sahitya Akademi Award covering 24 languages, selection process, notable winners, and comparison with the Jnanpith Award.
SAARC Visa — Exemption Scheme, Eligible Categories & Regional Mobility
Complete guide to the SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme covering eligible categories, member states, India's bilateral visa regimes, and comparison with Schengen.
Ryotwari System: Thomas Munro’s Direct Settlement with the Cultivator
The Ryotwari System under Thomas Munro made the individual cultivator the unit of land revenue across Madras and Bombay presidencies. UPSC notes on features,…