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Study Notes

Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.

3454 articles

A bare camera image sensor behind its lens mount
18 Jul 2026General Studies, GS I, GS III, Science & Tech

Charge-Coupled Device (CCD): How the Image Sensor Works

Charge-coupled device explained: how a CCD sensor turns light into charge into a digital image, CCD versus CMOS, uses in cameras, astronomy and ISRO,…

Hands working a wooden handloom weaving cotton cloth
18 Jul 2026Agriculture, Constitutional and Statutory Bodies, General Studies, GS III, Indian Economy

KVIC: The Khadi and Village Industries Commission Explained

KVIC full form and meaning: the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, its 1956 statutory basis, functions, PMEGP and Honey Mission schemes, and the Khadi…

Farmers waiting outside a village cooperative office
18 Jul 2026Agriculture, General Studies, Governance, GS III, Indian Economy

PACS: Primary Agricultural Credit Societies Explained

PACS full form and meaning: Primary Agricultural Credit Societies, the village base of the three-tier cooperative credit structure, functions, computerisation, and reforms.

White Jain temples on a forested hill summit
18 Jul 2026Art and Culture, Environment & Ecology, General Studies, Geography, GS I

Parasnath Hill and Shikharji: Jharkhand’s Sacred Summit

Parasnath Hill, Jharkhand's highest peak at 1,365 m, holds Shikharji, the holiest Jain tirtha where 20 tirthankaras attained moksha, plus Santhal and ecology stakes.

The Mahabodhi temple spire rising above its courtyard
18 Jul 2026Ancient Indian History, Art and Culture, General Studies, GS I, Indian History

Mahabodhi Temple, Bodh Gaya: Where the Buddha Was Enlightened

The Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya marks the Buddha's enlightenment. A UPSC guide to its Gupta-era brick tower, the Bodhi Tree, Vajrasana, and UNESCO…

An archaeological trench exposing layers of ancient brickwork
18 Jul 2026Ancient Indian History, Art and Culture, General Studies, GS I, Indian History

Vadnagar: India’s Oldest Living City and Its 2,500-Year Layers

Vadnagar explained: the Gujarat town with 2,500 years of continuous habitation, ASI excavations, a Buddhist monastery, the Solanki toranas and Hatkeshwar temple.