Desert National Park: Last Stronghold of the Great Indian Bustard in the Thar
Desert National Park in Rajasthan protects the Thar ecosystem and the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard. Location, species, threats, and UPSC pointers.
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Freebies vs Welfare Schemes: The DPSP Shield, Article 282 and the S. Subramaniam Balaji Verdict
Freebies vs welfare schemes explained: no legal definition under RPA 1951, the S. Subramaniam Balaji 2013 verdict, Article 282, DPSP shield, ECI guidelines and…
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT): Three-Parent IVF, Procedure, and Global Status
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy. Covers mitochondrial DNA inheritance, the science of MST and PNT, the three-parent baby debate, and…
Comparison of Important Diseases: Pathogens, Vectors, and India’s Public Health Programmes
A complete UPSC GS-III comparison of major communicable diseases relevant to India. Covers causative agents, vectors, organs affected, and the national programmes for malaria,…
Dark Web vs Deep Web: Surface Web, Tor, Onion Routing, and India’s Cyber Response
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on Dark Web vs Deep Web. Covers the three layers of the internet, onion routing, Tor and I2P, legality,…
Rare Diseases (Orphan Diseases): Definition, India’s NPRD 2021 Policy, and Treatment Funding
Rare diseases for UPSC: why pharmaceutical companies call them orphan diseases, the WHO definition, India's National Policy for Rare Diseases 2021, the three groups…
Li-Fi (Light Fidelity): How Visible Light Communication Works and Where It Beats Wi-Fi
Li-Fi for UPSC: Light Fidelity wireless communication using visible light, ultraviolet, and infrared. Covers the VLC working principle, Li-Fi versus Wi-Fi, security and reach,…
Major Missions to Jupiter and Its Moons: Galileo, Juno, JUICE, Europa Clipper
Jupiter missions for UPSC: Galileo, Juno, JUICE, and Europa Clipper compared. Covers the four Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto), why each one matters,…
The Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025: Consolidation of Four Colonial Laws, Bureau of Immigration, and the New Visa Regime
Immigration and Foreigners Act 2025 explained: repeal of four older laws, statutory Bureau of Immigration, digital reporting duties for institutions and carriers, biometric powers,…
Chandrayaan-4: India’s Lunar Sample Return Mission Explained
Chandrayaan-4 for UPSC: ISRO's lunar sample return mission with five modules across two LVM3 launches, Earth-orbit docking, lunar ascent, and re-entry. Covers mission architecture,…
Appointment of Ad-hoc Retired Judges in High Courts: Article 224A, Pendency, and the Lok Prahari Verdict
Ad-hoc judges in High Courts under Article 224A: dormant provision activated by the Supreme Court, vacancy and pendency triggers, status and emoluments, and comparison…
NOTTO: India’s National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation Explained
NOTTO for UPSC: the apex body for organ allocation in India, the THOTA 1994 legal framework, the three-tier NOTTO-ROTTO-SOTTO network, the 2023 One Nation…