Oarfish: World’s Longest Bony Fish and the Sea Serpent of Sailor Lore
The oarfish (Regalecus glesne) is the world's longest bony fish, living in the mesopelagic zone. Anatomy, distribution, folklore, scientific facts, and UPSC pointers.
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Trial in Absentia under Section 356 BNSS: Conditions, Safeguards, and the Fugitive Justice Framework
Trial in absentia under Section 356 of the BNSS 2023 explained: Proclaimed Offender threshold, 90-day waiting period, two-warrants rule, state-funded counsel, three-year appeal window,…
Asteroid Missions: NEAR, Hayabusa, OSIRIS-REx, DART, and the Global Race to Sample and Deflect
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on asteroid missions. Covers NEAR Shoemaker, Hayabusa 1 and 2, OSIRIS-REx and OSIRIS-APEX, DART, Lucy, Psyche, RAMSES, Tianwen-2, and…
CPCB Report on River Pollution: 2025 Findings and What They Mean for India
The CPCB 2025 river pollution report shows a fall in polluted stretches from 351 to 296. Findings, BOD methodology, legal framework, state ranking, and…
Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: Cape Town Convention, IDERA, and the Go First Aftermath
Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025 explained: Cape Town Convention 2001 implementation, IDERA mechanism, primacy over IBC moratorium, Go First case context,…
Sundarbans National Park: World’s Largest Mangrove Tiger Habitat and UNESCO World Heritage Site
Sundarbans National Park explained — West Bengal mangrove delta, UNESCO 1987 site, Royal Bengal Tiger swimming habitat, Tiger Reserve, Biosphere Reserve, and climate sea-rise…
Copyright and Artificial Intelligence in 2026: Hybrid License Model, ANI vs OpenAI, and India’s IP Pivot
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on copyright and AI in India's 2026 landscape. Covers the DPIIT Hybrid Licensing Model, the Copyright Royalties Collective for…
Mandatory Disclosure of Arrest Grounds: Article 22, Section 47 BNSS, and the Pankaj Bansal Doctrine
Mandatory disclosure of arrest grounds explained: Article 22(1) fundamental right, Section 47 of BNSS 2023, Pankaj Bansal v. Union of India 2023, written grounds…
Xenotransplantation: Pig-to-Human Organs, CRISPR-Edited Donors, and the Ethics of Cross-Species Transplant
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on xenotransplantation. Covers pig-to-human heart and kidney transplants, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of donor pigs, immune rejection, zoonotic risk, ethical…
Namdapha Flying Squirrel: India’s Rarest Mammal Hidden in Arunachal Pradesh
The Namdapha flying squirrel is endemic to a single valley in Arunachal Pradesh and listed Critically Endangered by IUCN. Habitat, traits, threats, and UPSC…
Deregulation Commission Explained: Regulatory Guillotine, Sunset Clauses and the End of Compliance Cholesterol
Deregulation Commission of India explained: regulatory guillotine, Jan Vishwas Act 2023 lineage, sunset clauses, comparison with the Law Commission, and the ease of doing…
Biosimilars Explained: Reference Biologics, CDSCO Approval Pathway, and India’s Generics-to-Biologics Shift
A complete UPSC GS-III explainer on biosimilars. Covers what biosimilars are, how they differ from chemical generics, the CDSCO and DBT regulatory framework, the…