Gene Editing and Genetic Modification: CRISPR, Germline Limits and India’s Rules
CRISPR-Cas9 uses a guide RNA and a molecular scissor to cut DNA at a chosen point. Casgevy is already approved for sickle cell disease.…
Category
Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Nanotechnology: Why the Nanoscale Behaves Differently, and What India Does With It
Bulk gold is yellow. Gold nanoparticles are red or purple. That size-dependent change in behaviour is the entire basis of nanotechnology, and it explains…
Quantum Technology: Superposition, Entanglement and India’s National Quantum Mission
India's National Quantum Mission was approved in 2023 with an outlay above Rs 6,000 crore across eight years and four verticals. What quantum technology…
The Rising Power of the Judiciary: A Global Trend and India’s Version of It
Courts everywhere are deciding what legislatures once decided. Six structural forces explain why, from Marbury v. Madison to Puttaswamy. The harder question is the…
Types of Federalism: Cooperative, Competitive and Confrontational in the Indian Context
Indian federalism is described as cooperative in textbooks, competitive in policy documents and confrontational in the news. All three are accurate, because they describe…
SAGAR and MAHASAGAR: India’s Maritime Vision for the Indian Ocean and Beyond
About 95 percent of India's trade by volume moves through ports. SAGAR made maritime security and growth a single objective for the Indian Ocean;…
Foundations of India’s Foreign Policy: From Non-Alignment to Multi-Alignment
Idealism, then realism, then regional primacy, then economic pragmatism, and now issue-based multi-alignment. Six phases, and the determinants that shaped each. What actually changed,…
India-Central Asia Relations: The 4Cs, Chabahar and the Connectivity Trap
Five landlocked republics rich in uranium, gas and rare earths, and India has no land route to any of them. The Connect Central Asia…
India-Brazil Relations: BRICS, Biofuels, Defence and the Global South Axis
Two of the largest democracies in opposite hemispheres, with a Strategic Partnership since 2006, sequential G20 and BRICS presidencies, and USD 15.21 billion in…
India-South Korea Relations: Special Strategic Partnership, CEPA and the Shipbuilding Turn
Bilateral trade stood at about USD 25.6 billion in 2025, with Indian exports of USD 6.4 billion against imports of USD 19.2 billion. The…
India-Australia Relations: Uranium, Critical Minerals, ECTA and the Quad
The 2026 Melbourne Summit finalised the Administrative Arrangement enabling Australian uranium exports to India, operationalising a 2014 agreement. Two Commonwealth democracies took seventy years…
India-Germany Relations: Green Partnership, Skilled Migration and the EU’s Biggest Trade Door
Germany is India's largest trading partner inside the EU, accounting for over 25 percent of India-EU trade. With the India-EU FTA concluded and skilled-worker…