Income Tax Act, 1961: Structure and the New Income Tax Act
The Income Tax Act, 1961 explained: chapters, sections and schedules, the five heads of income, previous year vs assessment year, CBDT, and the new…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Solar Eclipse: The Science, Types and Safety
A solar eclipse happens when the Moon blocks the Sun. Why totality works, the four types, why eclipses skip most new moons, and how…
Vietnam War: Causes, Course and Consequences
The Vietnam War explained: French Indochina and Dien Bien Phu, the 17th parallel, the Gulf of Tonkin, Tet 1968, the Paris Accords and the…
Habeas Corpus: The Writ That Protects Personal Liberty
Habeas corpus explained: what the writ means, Articles 32 and 226, who can file it, the ADM Jabalpur case, Justice Khanna's dissent, and the…
Doctrine of Colourable Legislation: Explained
The doctrine of colourable legislation explained: what cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly, the Article 246 basis, the substance test, and key…
Padmanabhaswamy Temple: History, Architecture and the Vaults
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram: the reclining Vishnu, Kerala-Dravidian architecture, the Trippadidanam of 1750, the sealed vaults, and the Supreme Court ruling.
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi: The Living Temple of Vijayanagara
Virupaksha Temple, Hampi: a Shiva temple in unbroken worship since the 7th century. Its 50-metre gopuram, Krishnadevaraya's painted hall, and the inverted-shadow effect, explained.
Raga Bilawal: The Natural Scale of Hindustani Music
Raga Bilawal uses all seven natural notes and names the first of Bhatkhande's ten thaats. Its aroha, avaroha, vadi, samvadi, time, mood and Carnatic…
World Environment Day: History, Themes and India’s Role
World Environment Day, observed on 5 June since 1974, led by UNEP. Its Stockholm 1972 origin, host-country and theme system, key campaigns and India's…
State Wildlife Action Plan: What It Is and Why It Matters
A State Wildlife Action Plan turns the National Wildlife Action Plan into local conservation work. Its legal basis, components, funding and gaps, explained plainly.
INSPIRE Award: Promoting Science Innovation in Schools
The INSPIRE Award (INSPIRE Awards MANAK) funds school students to turn original science ideas into working models. Here is how the scheme, pipeline, and…
Konkan Railway: Engineering the Western Coast
The Konkan Railway runs 741 km from Roha to Thokur through Goa. Why it was India's hardest railway build, how KRCL financed it, and…