Neuromorphic Computing: Brain-Inspired Chips for an Energy-Hungry AI Age (UPSC Science & Tech)
The human brain runs on about 20 watts; modern AI burns through megawatts. Neuromorphic computing tries to close that gap with chips that mimic…
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Study Notes
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3454 articles
AI in Drug Discovery: AlphaFold and the New Frontier of Medicine (UPSC Science & Tech)
Drug discovery has long taken 10-15 years, cost over a billion dollars and failed nine times out of ten. AlphaFold cracked the 50-year protein-folding…
Small Language Models (SLMs): Efficient AI That Runs on the Edge (UPSC Science & Tech)
Small language models pack a few million to a few billion parameters, run on a phone instead of a data centre, and are cheaper,…
Spatial Computing and Mixed Reality: The Post-Smartphone Interface (UPSC Science & Tech)
Spatial computing puts digital objects into the room around you and lets you control them with your eyes, hands and voice instead of a…
Universal Basic Income (UBI): The Case For and Against a Guaranteed Income (UPSC Economy)
A Universal Basic Income is a periodic, unconditional cash payment to every individual — no means test, no work requirement. Here is the full…
Stakeholder Capitalism and the ESG Backlash (UPSC Economy)
Should a company answer to its shareholders alone, or to everyone it touches? Stakeholder capitalism and ESG investing promised the second answer — then…
Product-as-a-Service: From Owning Things to Paying for Use (UPSC Economy)
Rolls-Royce sells flying hours, not jet engines. Philips sells light, not bulbs. Product-as-a-Service flips the oldest deal in commerce — you pay for use,…
The Foundational Economy: The Everyday Sectors That Keep Life Running (UPSC Economy)
Water, electricity, food supply, health, care, schools, housing, transport, connectivity — the 'boring' sectors that keep daily life running are what economists call the…
Biodiversity Credits: Putting a Price on Nature’s Recovery (UPSC Environment/Economy)
Biodiversity credits are tradable units that each stand for a measurable, verified gain in nature — a restored hectare, a protected ecosystem — bought…
Stablecoins: The Dollar-Pegged Crypto Reshaping Money (UPSC Economy)
Stablecoins are crypto-assets pegged 1:1 to the US dollar, and the market has crossed $320 billion. Here is the full picture — the types,…
The Circular Economy: Designing Out Waste (UPSC Economy & Environment)
A linear take-make-dispose economy throws away value at every step. The circular economy designs out waste, keeps products and materials in use, and regenerates…
The Creator Economy: How Content Creators Became an Industry (UPSC Economy)
A roughly $250 billion global industry, over 200 million creators worldwide, and India among the largest bases with up to 4.5 million creators powering…