IMEC and the New Geoeconomics of Connectivity Corridors (UPSC International Relations)
Announced at the 2023 G20 in New Delhi, IMEC is a ship-to-rail corridor meant to cut India-Europe transit by roughly 40 per cent and…
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
Cognitive Warfare: The Battle for the Brain in the Information Age (UPSC Security)
Cognitive warfare targets not what you know but how you reason — turning the human mind into a domain of conflict that operates in…
Hybrid and Gray-Zone Warfare: Conflict Below the Threshold of War (UPSC Security)
Hybrid and gray-zone warfare blends military and non-military, conventional and unconventional means to coerce a rival while deliberately staying below the threshold of declared…
The Global South Debt Crisis: Sovereign Distress and the Push to Reform (UPSC International Relations)
Developing-country public debt has hit $31 trillion, and 3.4 billion people now live in nations spending more on debt interest than on health or…
Just Transition: Moving Beyond Coal Without Leaving Workers Behind (UPSC Environment & Economy)
A just transition is the promise that the move off fossil fuels won't be paid for by the people who dug the coal. Here…
PFAS ‘Forever Chemicals’: The Pollutants That Never Break Down (UPSC Environment)
PFAS — per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, the 'forever chemicals' — are a family of thousands of synthetic compounds whose carbon-fluorine bond makes them almost…
Deep-Sea Mining: The Race for the Ocean Floor (UPSC Environment & IR)
Deep-sea mining is the race to extract nickel, cobalt and manganese from the deep ocean floor. Here is the full picture — the polymetallic…
Blue Carbon: How Mangroves and Seagrass Store Carbon (UPSC Environment)
Mangroves, seagrass meadows and salt marshes bury carbon up to ten times faster than tropical rainforests and lock it in waterlogged mud for centuries.…
Solar Geoengineering: Should We Dim the Sun to Cool the Planet? (UPSC Environment)
Solar geoengineering proposes to cool the planet by reflecting a small slice of sunlight back to space — fast, cheap, and dangerous. Here is…
Climate Tipping Points: The Thresholds We Must Not Cross (UPSC Environment)
Five major parts of the climate system are already at risk of crossing tipping points at today's warming. Here is the full picture —…
Sponge Cities: Nature-Based Flood Management for a Wetter Future (UPSC Geography & Environment)
A sponge city soaks up, stores and reuses rainwater like a sponge instead of flushing it into concrete drains. Here is the full picture…
Microcredentials and Lifelong Reskilling: The Future of Skilling (UPSC Society)
The half-life of a job skill is shrinking, AI is rewriting work, and a four-year degree no longer ages well. Microcredentials — short, stackable,…