Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): DSPE Act, Director, and Jurisdiction
Central Bureau of Investigation explained for UPSC: DSPE Act 1946, CVC oversight, Director appointment, tenure, Vineet Narain, Lalita Kumari, and state consent withdrawals.
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Study Notes
Everything published under Study Notes on Anantam IAS, newest first.
3454 articles
UNFCCC: Rio 1992, COP Architecture, CBDR & India’s Role
The UNFCCC is the parent climate treaty signed at Rio in 1992. Annex I/II structure, CBDR principle, COP/CMP/CMA architecture, Kyoto and Paris instruments, India's…
Paris Agreement 2015: COP21, NDCs, 1.5°C Goal & India’s Role
The Paris Agreement 2015 is the legally binding climate treaty adopted at COP21. NDCs, 1.5°C goal, global stocktake, ratchet mechanism and India's commitments explained.
Montreal Protocol: ODS Phaseout, Kigali Amendment & India’s Role
The Montreal Protocol (1987) phases out ozone-depleting substances. CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs via Kigali Amendment, universal ratification, Multilateral Fund and India's HFC schedule explained.
Kyoto Protocol: 1997 Adoption, Annex-I Targets & CDM Explained
The Kyoto Protocol was the first binding climate treaty, adopted Dec 1997. Annex-I targets, three flexibility mechanisms (CDM, JI, ET), Doha Amendment and India's…
Utilitarianism (Bentham): Greatest Happiness Principle, Felicific Calculus and Mill’s Refinement
Utilitarianism by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) holds that the right action produces the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Felicific calculus, act vs rule utilitarianism,…
Rawls’ Theory of Justice: Original Position, Veil of Ignorance and the Two Principles
Rawls' theory of justice (1971) grounds fair institutions in the original position behind a veil of ignorance. Two principles — equal basic liberty and…
GST Council: Article 279A, Composition, Voting, and Rate Slabs
GST Council under Article 279A created by 101st CA 2016: composition of Union FM and State FMs, 1/3 Union and 2/3 States voting, 3/4…
Emotional Intelligence (Goleman): Five Components, Mayer-Salovey Model and Civil Services Applications
Emotional intelligence by Daniel Goleman (1995) consists of self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The Mayer-Salovey ability model, EI vs IQ, and applications…
White Revolution in India: Operation Flood, Verghese Kurien, and the Anand Pattern
The White Revolution in India turned a milk-deficit country into the world's largest milk producer through Operation Flood, the Anand cooperative pattern, NDDB, and…
Finance Commission of India: Article 280, 16th FC, Tax Devolution
Finance Commission of India under Article 280: every 5 years, 41% tax devolution since 14th FC, horizontal formula, grants-in-aid, 16th FC chaired by Arvind…
M.S. Swaminathan: Green Revolution Architect, Swaminathan Commission, and Bharat Ratna 2024
M.S. Swaminathan was the architect of the Green Revolution in India, chair of the National Commission on Farmers, originator of the C2+50 percent MSP…