The Intangible Economy: When Ideas Outvalue Machines (UPSC Economy)
Software, R&D, design, brands and data — not factories — now drive value in advanced economies, and corporate intangibles are worth nearly $100 trillion…
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Study Notes
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3454 articles
The Experience Economy: From Goods to Memorable Experiences (UPSC Economy)
People increasingly pay not for things but for moments worth remembering. The experience economy — Pine and Gilmore's idea that staged experiences are the…
Data as a Factor of Production: The New Oil of the Digital Economy (UPSC Economy)
Economists once counted four factors of production — land, labour, capital and enterprise. A fifth is now muscling in: data. Here is what it…
Beyond GDP: Measuring Wellbeing and the Limits of Growth (UPSC Economy)
GDP measures output, not wellbeing — it ignores inequality, unpaid work and a dying planet, a flaw its own inventor warned about. Here is…
Doughnut Economics: A New Compass Beyond Growth (UPSC Economy)
Kate Raworth's doughnut economics replaces the chase for endless GDP growth with a simple picture: a social foundation no one should fall below, an…
The Longevity Economy: Living Longer and the New Economics of Age (UPSC Economy)
People are living longer than any generation before them, but not always healthier — and that gap between lifespan and healthspan is creating a…
The Care Economy: Unpaid Work, Women and the Invisible Backbone of GDP (UPSC Economy)
Indian women spend 289 minutes a day on unpaid domestic work against men's 88, and that hidden labour is worth somewhere between 15 and…
The No-Collar Economy: How AI and the Skills Shift Are Redrawing Work (UPSC Economy)
Old labels are dissolving. The white-collar versus blue-collar divide is giving way to a no-collar economy where AI co-pilots, gig platforms and skills-based hiring…
Urbanisation in India: Trends, Drivers and Challenges (UPSC Geography)
India crossed 31% urban in 2011 and is heading toward 40% by 2030, with the number of census towns nearly tripling in a single…
Rocket Propulsion: Chemical, Cryogenic and Green Propellants (UPSC Science & Tech)
Every rocket runs on one law of physics and a choice of propellant. This explainer walks through how propulsion works — Newton's third law,…
Human Nutrition: Macronutrients, Vitamins and Health (UPSC Science & Tech)
Why does fibre lower a food's glycemic index while refining raises it? What do vitamins A, D and B12 actually do, and why does…
South-South Cooperation and Trade (UPSC International Relations)
Trade between developing countries has crossed $6.2 trillion and now makes up about a quarter of all world trade. Here is the full picture…